Chapter 26The Cold War

Causes of the Cold War

United Nations has its first meeting:

April 25th 1945 Officially sign the charter to establish the UN on

June 26th. Harry Truman becomes president of the United States on April 12, 1945 because of the sudden death of FDR.Clement Attlee becomes the new British Prime Minister.

Changes

Potsdam Conference

Opinions from the Yalta Conference do not count

here, which causes tension between the two great powers. Truman does not want to take reparations from

Germany per the agreement at Yalta. Soviets feel justified in taking the Eastern half of

Germany because of the devastation wrought upon their home soil. 20 million Russian deaths, half of whom were civilians. Holding this land would allow them to stop future

invasions from the west, if they ever came.

Potsdam Conference

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,

Romania, and Poland. Can anyone tell me what kind of government

these countries had after World War II? They had Communist governments and became

Satellite nations of the USSR. A satellite nation is a nation that appears to be

sovereign, but is actually under the control of another nation.

Communism VS Democracy

Create a new world order in which all nations

had the right to self-determination. Gain Access to raw materials and markets for

its industries. Rebuild European governments to ensure

stability and to create new markets for American goods.

Reunite Germany, believing that Europe would be more secure if Germany were productive.

Goals of the United States

Encourage communism in other countries as

part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy.

Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials

Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe.

Keep Germany divided and weak so that it would never again threaten the Soviet Union.

Goals of the Soviet Union

The Iron Curtain or Sinew of Peace Speech -- Winston

Churchill• Divided Europe Page

811

• Buffer ZoneSatellite Nations that are the eastern European nations.

• Early 1946 Stalin makes a speech announcing that communism and capitalism were incompatible—and that another war is inevitable.

Sinews of Peace Speech

Policy of Containment – Feb. 1946—

George Kennan An attempt to block Soviet expansion

by creating alliances & supporting weak nations

“Contain” Communism

Official U.S. Foreign Policy toward Soviet Union

United States’ Response

First attempt by the United States to stymie

communist growth March 1947 $400 million aid to Turkey & Greece

Give aid to any country opposing Communism Strengthen countries in order to fight off

Communism. p. 812 Boosted Anti-Communist feelings in America

“it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” -Truman

Truman Doctrine

Proposed in June 1947 European Recovery Plan Aid to all countries in Europe

Countered hunger, poverty, depression, and chaos

Promptly approved Feb. 1948 Soviet Union invaded and took over

Czechoslovakia $12.5 billion in aid – highly successful

Marshall Plan

A Divided Germany

AKA – Berlin Blockade

Soviets opposed German reunification West Berlin held hostage by Soviets

Cut off highway, water, and rail traffic City faced starvation

Food/Supplies flown into West Berlin 327 continuous days

Soviets lift blockade May 1949

Berlin Airlift

Federal Republic of Germany

Great Britain, U.S., & French Zones West Germany Capital: Bonn

German Democratic Republic Soviet Zone East Germany Capital: East Berlin

Reorganization of Germany

NATO

10 Western European nations U.S. and Canada An attack on one means an attack on all

Marks the end of United States’ isolationism 1st military alliance US joined during

peacetime

North Atlantic Treaty Organization