** CAUSED BY A GOVERNMENT FAILING

TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE!!!!

Political Revolutions

Glorious Revolution (England, 1688)

Causes Effects

-Magna Carta

-Puritan Revolution

-Established Parliamentary Democracy

-Bloodless change of power

- Rise of Limited/ Constitutional Monarchy

-English Bill of Rights

-Democratic Reforms

Political Philosophies Spur Revolution

Era of Absolutism-

Peter and Catherine the Great-

Akbar the Great-

Suleiman the Magnificent-

Louis XIV

Political system with ONE monarch: high taxes, strong military, NO LEGISLATIVE BODY

Westernized Russia, gained warm-water portsEnlightened

Despot

India, very tolerant of diverse religions

Ottoman Empire: modernized military and laws, Muslim

France: Palace of Versailles bankrupt, divine right

Political Philosophies Spur Revolution

Enlightenment-

John Locke-

Voltaire-

Montesquieu-

Rousseau-

Intellectual movement focused on human logic and reason; change relationship btwn people and

gov’tNATURAL RIGHTS!!! People have right to overthrow gov’t if they’re not being met

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly

Checks and Balances; 3 branches of gov’t; More people power

The Social Contract, believed in the will of majority

French Revolution (1789-1799)

Causes Effects

-Enlightenment

- American Revolution

-Absolute Monarchy

- Rigid Estate (class) system

- Economic Problems

-Death of King creation of democracy

- Reign of terror

- Rise of Napoleon spread of nationalism defeat by Russia’s geography

-Congress of Vienna (balance of power)

Russian Revolution (Bolsheviks, 1917)

Causes Effects-Absolute Monarch (Czar)

-Russo-Japanese War and WWI

-Bloody Sunday

-Poor peasants

-Lack of Industrialization

-Rise of Communists (Bolsheviks)

-Creation of a communist state (Soviet Union)

-Persecution of Dissenters

-Lenin’s New Economic Policy (some private ownership) Stalin’s Five Year Plan (collectives and Increased industrialization)

Chinese Communist Revolution (1949)

Causes Effects

-Foreign (Japan) Imperialism

- Chinese Civil War(Communist v. Nationalists)

- Communists win support of peasant and women

-Communist state under Mao Zedong Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution

- Equality of women

-Deng Xiaoping- economic freedom (Four Modernizations) but not political (Tiananmen Square)

Iranian Revolution (1979)

Causes Effects

-Islamic Fundamentalist Gov’t led by Ayatollah Khomeini(Islamic Fundamentalism movement that opposes Westernization and supports traditional Islam)

-U.S. Hostage Crisis

- Anti-Iraq, Anti-West, Anti-Secular (Secular = non-religious

-Corrupt Shah

- Anti-Western feelings

-Rise in Islamic Fundamentalism