An acute, severe viral infection

First appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo

in a remote area of Sudan

An acute, severe viral infection

First appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo

in a remote area of Sudan

5 known species of the virus Ivory Coast Sudan Zaire Reston Bundibugyo

Case fatality rates : 60-90%

5 known species of the virus Ivory Coast Sudan Zaire Reston Bundibugyo

Case fatality rates : 60-90%

1. Virus reservoir :Fruit bats

3. Primary human infection2. Epizootic in primates 4. Secondary transmission

Fruit bats are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.

Animal-to-Human Animal-to-Human transmission transmission

Direct contact with blood, secretions or organs of infected wildlife

During handling or butchering of dead mammals

Animal-to-Human Animal-to-Human transmission transmission

Direct contact with blood, secretions or organs of infected wildlife

During handling or butchering of dead mammals

Human-to-Human Human-to-Human transmission transmission

Direct contact with infective blood or bodily secretions such as nasal discharge, saliva, urine, feces, semen or organs

Direct contact with the deceased person

Human-to-Human Human-to-Human transmission transmission

Direct contact with infective blood or bodily secretions such as nasal discharge, saliva, urine, feces, semen or organs

Direct contact with the deceased person

The incubation period, or the time interval from infection to onset of symptoms, is from 2 to 21 days.

No report of disease transmission through air-borne route

EVD surveillance in Thailand, showed that no confirmed EVD cases had been reported.

The incubation period, or the time interval from infection to onset of symptoms, is from 2 to 21 days.

No report of disease transmission through air-borne route

EVD surveillance in Thailand, showed that no confirmed EVD cases had been reported.

Skin rash Impairment of kidney and liver functions

In some cases internal and external organ hemorrhage

Skin rash Impairment of kidney and liver functions

In some cases internal and external organ hemorrhage

Acute fever

Weakness

Muscle pain

Headache

Sore throat

Vomiting Diarrhea

Acute fever

Weakness

Muscle pain

Headache

Sore throat

Vomiting Diarrhea

Vaccines for prevention and drugs for specific treatment of EVD are not yet available. All of them are being developed or under researches.

Severe patients need closely-monitored supportive treatment.

Vaccines for prevention and drugs for specific treatment of EVD are not yet available. All of them are being developed or under researches.

Severe patients need closely-monitored supportive treatment.

Found cases in West AfricaGuineaLiberiaSierra LeoneNigeriaSenegal

CountryCase

definitionTota

lTotal

(deaths) Case fatality rate

(%)Guinea Confirmed 579 343 59

Probable 150 149 99

Suspected 42 2 5

All 771 494 64Liberia Confirmed 403 271 67

Probable 815 373 46

Suspected 480 227 47

All 1698 871 51Sierra Leone Confirmed 1107 430 39

Probable 37 34 92

Suspected 72 12 17

All 1216 476 39All All 3685 1841 50

CountryCase

definitionTota

l Total deathsCase fatality rate

(%)

Nigeria Confirmed 16 6 37.5

Probable 1 1 100

Suspected 4 0 0

All 21 7 33.3

Senegal Confirmed 1 0 0

Probable 0 0 0

Suspected 0 0 0

All 1 0 0

All All 22 7 31.8

WHO on 8 August 2014 declared the Ebola outbreak in West Africa a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)”

WHO supports investigation, treatment, personal protective equipment and quality of life.

Developing medicine and vaccine

1. Surveillance systems among humans and animal

2. Treatment and infection control at hospitals

3. Laboratory testing 4. Management

Do follow up regularly to get updated information from the Ministry of Public Health and

learn about the current situation

and have correct understanding.

Do follow up regularly to get updated information from the Ministry of Public Health and

learn about the current situation

and have correct understanding.

DO : Cancel or postpone all journeys to affected countries. (Currently there are 3 countries and 1 city e.g. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Lagos city of Nigeria. More affected countries or areas may be added later by announcement of the Ministry of Public Health.)

Follow up for updated, official information from the Ministry of Public Health.

DO : Cancel or postpone all journeys to affected countries. (Currently there are 3 countries and 1 city e.g. Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Lagos city of Nigeria. More affected countries or areas may be added later by announcement of the Ministry of Public Health.)

Follow up for updated, official information from the Ministry of Public Health.

If a journey to affected countries or areas is inevitable, travelers must:Wash hands regularly with water and soap until they are clean.

Avoid close contact with patients or touching them as well as their clothes and personal items.

Seek prompt medical attention and reveal travel history to the attending physician if symptoms such as high fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occur.

If a journey to affected countries or areas is inevitable, travelers must:Wash hands regularly with water and soap until they are clean.

Avoid close contact with patients or touching them as well as their clothes and personal items.

Seek prompt medical attention and reveal travel history to the attending physician if symptoms such as high fever, weakness, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occur.

DON’T :DON’T :(for travelers visiting affected countries)(for travelers visiting affected countries) Do not eat any wildlife meat. Do not touch any wildlife, especially monkeys or bats.

Do not pick or rub your nose or eyes with unwashed hands.

Do not have sexual intercourse with strangers.

Do not treat yourself when you have fever.

DON’T :DON’T :(for travelers visiting affected countries)(for travelers visiting affected countries) Do not eat any wildlife meat. Do not touch any wildlife, especially monkeys or bats.

Do not pick or rub your nose or eyes with unwashed hands.

Do not have sexual intercourse with strangers.

Do not treat yourself when you have fever.