© ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB...
-
Upload
crystal-conley -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB...
![Page 1: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 1
Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation SectorJames MacLellan – ABB Limited
Irrigation show, April 2014
January 2014
![Page 2: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 2
Presentation topics covered
Accurate metering of water use and adherence to legislative requirements
Optimising water usage
Control of water quality standards
Mitigation of electrical issues for the wider community
Managing energy efficiency
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 3: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 3
Accurate metering of water use
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 4: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 4
What is required?
Consent holders need to provide data regarding water takes.
Flow data needs to be within 5% of a known standard value*
*ABB units are OIML R49 Type P.
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 5: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 5
So which device and why?
Mechanical Meters
Paddle wheel / Turbine / Gear.
Inexpensive & simple.
Accuracy limitations. Moving parts.
Coriolis Flow Meter
Uses principle of inertia for moving mass.
Extremely accurate, minimal install requirements.
Limitation on bore size. Expensive
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 6: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 6
So which device and why?
Differential Pressure
Bernoulli’s Principle (> speed = < pressure).
Requires a constriction.
Not super ideal for irrigation sector.
Electromagnetic
• Magnetic induction.
• Without mechanical ‘moving’ parts.
• Any ionic electrically conductive fluid.
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 7: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 7
Optimising water usage
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 8: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 8
Efficiency = (H2O Transpired / H2O Applied) x 100
Need to obtain some detail as to:-
1. How much water has been provided to the crop (applied)
2. How much water is absorbed by the crop (transpired)
Need to MEASURE
3. Rainfall.
4. Soil depth.
5. Soil moisture.
6. Pasture response.
7. Irrigation application rate and efficiency.
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 9: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 9
Factors ‘below the surface’.
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 10: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 10
Efficiency = (H2O Transpired / H2O Applied) x 100
Soil temp @ 10cm depth < 10 deg C: Nil growth.
Soil temp @ 10cm depth > 10 deg C: Sun / Moisture.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So, measure temperature @ 10cm depth.
Crop & Food Research: R.J Martin, S.M.Thomas, R.F. Zykowski
AgResearch: D.R Stevens
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 11: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 11
Instruments & technology in use today
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 12: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 12
Pt100
0.385 ohms per degree C
LINEAR
Accurate
$$$$$$$
Thermistor
Similar principle to Pt100
NON LINEAR
Not so accurate
Cheap!
Pt100 & Thermistor (RTD’s)
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 13: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 13
Possible methods:-
Capacitance
Resistance
Conductivity
Temperature
Soil moisture content
Most common:-
Time Domain Transmission
Electrical pulse
Time / size affected by surrounding media
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 14: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 14
Conditions constant.
Repeatable result.
Imagine the wall changes…
The speed, time & force of the returning ball will very.
Alter one ‘constant’.
Results vary
Moisture change = change in pulse signal properties
Time Domain Transmission
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 15: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 15
3rd Law of induction (1832).
Left Hand Rule (motors).
mV signals generated
Electro-magnetic field ‘switches’.
mV signal size proportional to flow.
The Electro-Magnetic Flow Meter
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 16: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 16
Control of water quality standards
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 17: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 17
pH (measure of acidity / alkalinity)
Conductivity (measure of ionic concentration)
Turbidity (measure of the particulates)
Chemical analysis…
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 18: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 18
pH / Conductivity / Turbidity
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 19: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 19
Nitrate & Dissolved Oxygen Analysis
Leaching
Human health issues
Death of fish & marine species
Affect soil nutrition (< Ca)
Reduced by decomposition of organics (>BOD)
Affect aquatic species
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 20: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 20
Mitigation of electrical issues & managing energy efficiency
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 21: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 21
Instruments: Delicate / Fragile / Fine / Precise
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 22: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 22
Getting the WaterThe crowded room
Energy required to ‘lift’ or ‘pump’ water.
Most efficient use of electrical energy via VSD / VFD.
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 23: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 23
Extremely efficient devices with regard to power use.
‘Raw’…VSD’s can cause huge power issues across networks and disrupt/distort instrument signals
If you install them 100%...The instrumentation guy is happy…Everybody is happy
Variable Speed Drives (VSD / VFD)
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 24: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 24
Sending the signalsMiscommunications
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 25: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 25
Conventional
Flow data via pulses.
Telecommunication fail.
Pulses / units disagree.
Punch up.
Common issues – Missing data
Serial communication
Flow data via digital comms
Receiver reads instrument value from a register
Doesn’t matter if communications are intermittent
MODBUS
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 26: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 26
Energy Efficient Devices
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 27: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 27
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 28: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 28
What we don’t want to see….
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 29: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© ABB| Slide 29
“Before you rip down a fence, think for a moment why it was put there in the first place”
Month DD, YYYY
![Page 30: © ABB | Slide 1 Automation & Instrumentation in the Irrigation Sector James MacLellan – ABB Limited Irrigation show, April 2014 January 2014.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f515503460f94c74919/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)