© 2002

Micro & Nanotechnologies for displays and data storage in portable systems:

a quick overview

Broadband 02, Bucharest

Dr. Eric Mounier

YOLE DEVELOPPEMENT

© 2002 • 2

Trends in Flat Panel Displays

The market shares of the Flat Panel Displays is increasing:• World market of $100 billion in 2005 (SEMI)

Two needs:• Large displays with low resolution• Microdisplays with large resolution (portable systems):

- Laptop, mobile phones, PDA, e-book, GPS, watches, smart card, electronic tags …

Today, LCDs dominate the FPD market : • 89 % of the FPD market in 2000 (laptop, PDA, mobile phones)

© 2002 • 3

Competitive technologies

• Non-microsystems technologies:– LCD: a mature and established technology– OLED are being developed and is competing with the conventional

LCD technology • Players: Sanyo (availability in 2003), CDT (UK)

• Microsystems technologies (integrating µoptical, µelectronical, µmechanical features in the µm range):– Micro-mirror arrays or MMAs– Grated Light Valves or GLVs– Liquid Crystal on Si or LCOS– Field Emission Dispalys or FED

© 2002 • 4

LCD

Future applications :

• Mobiles phones (422 millions of units in 2006, Stanford Resources)

• Automotive Displays for new multimedia applications (25 millions of units in 2006)

• Current development of flexible LCD (150 m) by Philips Research andToshiba (commercialization planned in 2004).

© 2002 • 5

An improvement to the LCD: the BiNEM Technology

• The BiNem® technology is the latest generation of LCD technology keeping display content without any power supply– The BiNem® technology has a very high performance level : excellent

contrast, very wide viewing angle and neutral colorimetry.

• Potential applications in smart cards, e-tags

• Player: Nemoptic (www.nemoptic.fr)

© 2002 • 6

OLEDs

Market forecast : 2.5 billion $ in 2005 (DisplaySearch)

Applications : Mobiles phones, PDA, TV screens, smart cards

Technical advantages compared to LCD• Thickness, weight, consumption, low response time and large display angle, flexible screens are possible• Brightness : 200 cd/m2 (10 000 h lifetime for blue emitting)• Low cost

Drawbacks • Water and oxygen sensitive (packaging issue)

© 2002 • 7

Microsystems technologies: MMA, GLC

• Si array of Al µmirrors which can be rotated • Integrated MST devices over a CMOS circuit• First in the market for portable projection systems (Texas Instruments)• High switching speed• New applications: front projection systems for cinemas, movie

• Electrostatic-actuated array of ribbons• Surface micromachining• Each element can reflect or diffract light• Silicon Light Machines’ proprietary technology

A pixel is bright or dark on the projection screen according to

the mirror tilt

Two directions switching. A linear scanner is needed for µdisplaying

© 2002 • 8

Microsystems technologies: LCOS, FEDs

• Combination of a CDT and a low-power cold cathode• Monochromatic screen• High cost & packaging issues• Low response time/LCD• Emerging use of carbon nanotubes for:

• Better electron emission with lower voltage• Prototype 40’’ screen from Ise International (JP) in 2002

• Combination of IC and LC technologies• Reflective LCOS have high brightness, virtual no pixellisation and electronics integration

Reflective LCOS

© 2002 • 9

FPDs’ characteristics

843x480(42 inches)80 p/cm2

350 : 1

3 W(10”)

200 : 1

2 W(10”)

640x480(10 inches)950 p/cm2

eMagin :12x9 mm47 000 p/cm2

1000 : 1

Contrast

Consumption

Pixellisation

LCD FEDOLEDPlasma

Displays Panels

200 cd/m2 70 cd/m2200 cd/m2 600 cd/m2

1000 : 1

1 600x1 024(22 inches) 1 100 p/cm2

2 W(5.5”, Sanyo-Kodak)

1000 W(61”)

Brightness

µdisplays

© 2002 • 10

Microdisplays roadmap

2005 2010 2015

Liquid Crystal Display (TFT- LCD)

Organic LED Display (OLEDs)

Digital Light Processing : Digital Micromirror Device (MMAs)

Field Emission Displays (FEDs) using CNT

2000

LCOS

FEDs

• According to Nexus, the microdisplays market will grow from $ 150 million in 2 000 to $ 2 700 million by 2005

• Depending on the technologies, applications will be direct view, front projection, rear view or near eye

© 2002 • 11

Evolution of the needs in data storage

New applications and services lead to data storage increase:– E-Medicine, video on request, interactive 3D video, genome

database, biometric data base (finger prints) …

And new technologies are developed:– Magnetic storage is the most used technology today and Thin Film

Heads have increasing performances– But superparamagnetic effect limit could be reached (60 – 70 Gb/in²

is the limit)– Other technologies are currently developed to reach 100 Gb/in² in

2005: • Optical technologies:

– Holography– Blue laser

• Nanotechnologies:– Nanomechanical storage– Atomic resolution storage (the quantum level of an atom becomes the

storage media; HP + Darpa project; Objective: 1 Tb/in2 in 2007) …

© 2002 • 12

Applications roadmap

Applications

E- Medicine

Video mail

Library

WAN

Network access

Network access

LAN

Fiber

1- 100 TB

10 Gb/s

Personal database

Data warehousing

Video discs

HDTV video

Video server

3D video

Interactive 3D video

2000

PORTABLE 5 GB

0.1- 10 TB

200 Mb/s

10 GB

50-100 Mb/s

10 GB/s

LAN 150 Mb/s

2005

50 GB

2010

500 GB

1- 100 TB

50 Gb/s

10- 1000 TB

100 Gb/s

1- 50 TB

500 Mb/s

10- 100 TB

1 Gb/s

600 Mb/s

100 GB

100- 250 Mb/s

1 TB

1 Gb/s

Source OITDA

50 GB/s 250 GB/s

© 2002 • 13

An example of optical technologies: blue laser diodes, the challenge

• 9 major players have prepared specifications for the next generation of optical disk: « Blue-ray Disc » based on blue-violet laser diode– Players are: Hitachi, LG,

Matsushita, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony and Thomson.

• Capacity: 27 Go for 1 single side disk.

© 2002 • 14

Blue laser diodes, state of art

• Today, only Nichia (J) is commercializing blue laser semiconductor based on GaN grown on sapphire. Its life-time is approximately 15.000 hours for 30 mW power, which is compatible DVD applications.

• Outsiders are:– Sony (J): 15.000 hours (not commercialized)

– Cree (US): 1000 hours– Xerox (US): 100 hours – Samsung (K): 2 hours– Osram (D)– NTT, Toyoda Gosei, Sharp have demonstrators

• Prices remain very confidential and appears to be not compatible with high volume production of appliances today (Nichia: 1500 € / chip in 2000)

© 2002 • 15

An example of nano-device: the Millipede (IBM)

• High-density data storage system based on AFM:– Thermomechanical storage: Tiny

depressions melted by an AFM tip into a polymer medium represent stored data bits that can then be read by the same tip

• Densities in the hundreds of Gb/in² range

• The read/write head consists of an array of more than 1 000 thermomechanical probes, fabricated on a single silicon chip using VLSI microfabrication techniques

• Packaging issue ?

© 2002 • 16

Technical characteristics

Holography Blue laser Nano-mechanical

Magnetic

Storage density 100 Gb/in² 20 Gb/in² 150 Gb/cm²

400 to 500 in the future

100 Gb/in²

300 in the future

Data transfer speed

20 to 40 Mo/s 33 Mb/s 60 kb/s 256 Mb/s

Applications Data bank HD DVD Portable systems Hard Disk

Some manufacturers

InPhase Technologies

Nichia, Hitachi, Matsuschita, Sony, Pioneer, Sharp

IBM Research Fujitsu, IBM, Seagate

Technoloy maturity

? Available 2004 Prototype Mature technology

© 2002 • 17

Technologies roadmap

Optoelectronic technologies

2000 2005 2010 2015

DVD recordable

(18 Go today)

Technologie Blue-Ray Disc

Sharp, TDK: 200 Go planned

Holographic storage

(3D)

Colossal Storage Corp. project:

(atomic holographiy recoding) density : 200

Tbits/in2

Other Technologies (magnetic, MO..)

2000 2005 2010 2015

Atomic resolution storage (1 000 Gbits/in2)

(reading by electronic, optical beam)

(HP, Darpa)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (1 000 Gbits/in2

planned)

Perpendicular magnetizationAFM storage

( Millipede IBM project)

Superparamagnetic effect (2005) 60 gbits/in2 (source IBM)

© 2002 • 18

Conclusions• Today, portable applications are driving micro and nanotechnologies developments• Some challenges are :– Development of high resolution microdisplays with low consumption– Increase of data storage capacity

• Micro-displays technologies:– OLED– Micro-mirrors– FED w/ CNT

• Data storage.– Read/Write heads is still the main MST market: more than 13 billion $ in 2005– Nano-thermomechanical system using arrays of AFM tips.

• Hundreds of Gb/in² could be achieved.

– But the magnetic limit is not yet reached !

© 2002 • 19

For more information on our editing and consulting activities

Look at our web site : www.yole.fr, You can register on line for free newsfeed: MicroNews.

Or send email to: info@yole.fr to receive more information about our different reports :FabOpto 2

World MEMS FabFabEurope

BioFabDataFab Europe