微生物之種類 細 菌 真 菌 原生動物 藻 類 病 毒 12. Fig. 1.14 真 菌.
17
微微微微微微 微 微 真 真 微微微微 微 微 微 微 12
-
date post
15-Jan-2016 -
Category
Documents
-
view
372 -
download
0
Transcript of 微生物之種類 細 菌 真 菌 原生動物 藻 類 病 毒 12. Fig. 1.14 真 菌.
微生物之種類
細 菌
真 菌原生動物
藻 類
病 毒
12
Fig. 1.14
真 菌
Brewer’s yeasts
• Brewers classify yeasts as
top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting.
This distinction was introduced by the Dane Emil Christian Hansen.
酒精飲料
Top-fermenting yeasts
• They form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation.
• higher alcohol concentrations and prefer higher temperatures, typically 16 °C - 24 °C
• fruitier, sweeter, ale-type beers. • An example of a top-fermenting yeast is
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, known to brewers as ale yeast.
Bottom-fermenting yeasts
• These yeasts ferment more sugars, leaving a crisper taste, and grow well at low temperatures.
• An example of bottom fermenting yeast is Saccharomyces pastorianus, formerly known as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.
酒精飲料
( 水果酒 )
( 穀類酒 )
酒精飲料
酒精飲料
• alcohol by volume (abv) (%)
proof
In the United Kingdom, the proof-to-ABV ratio is 7:4. In the United States, it is 2:1.
• flavor
酒精飲料• Beer 澱粉醱酵 about 4% to 6% abv flavoured with hops, herbs or fruit
• Wine 水果醱酵 about 9%–16% abv a long aging process (months or years)
• Spirit distilled, at least 20% ABV
Beer and wine were limited to a maximum alcohol content of about 15% ABV.
Beer
• Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley. Ales are normally brewed with top-fermenting yeasts.
• Sake is also referred to in English as rice wine. Wine contains 9–16% alcohol and most beer is 3–8%, whereas undiluted sake is 18–20% alcohol
wine
• Sparkling wine can be made by adding a small amount of sugar before bottling, which causes a secondary fermentation to occur in the bottle and significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. The classic example of a sparkling wine is Champagne.
spirit
• Whisky or whiskey is a type of alcoholic beverage distilled from fermented grain mash.
• Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine, the wine having first been produced by fermenting grapes.
Bourbon whiskey
• Bourbon is an American whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from corn and named for Bourbon County, Kentucky.
