Post on 26-Mar-2020
WTE – A PART OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY Bettina Kamuk, Head of Department – Rambøll Board Member, ISWA, and Chair of the Working Group Energy Recovery, ISWA
RAMBOLL CONSULTING GROUP
• Established i 1945
• Ramboll consulting group: Close to
10,000 experts
• Leading waste-to-energy
consultant with more than 60
specialists within WTE
• Long track record of waste-to-
energy plant projects – more than
35 on-going WTE projects.
• Independent consulting services
2 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
DANISH WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY
• Preventing the loss of resources and environmental impact of waste
• Ensuring a zero-growth in waste in conjunction with economic growth
• Improve the quality of waste treatment and increasing the efficiency of the waste sector
5 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
HOW MUCH ENERGY FROM WTE IN DENMARK
3.3 million tonnes of waste incinerated
Electricity 1.5 million MWh
3-4% of total
430,000 households
Heat 6.5 million MWh
18-20% of total
360,000 households
6 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
BOTTOM ASH – URBAN MINING?
• TOC max. 3%
• Metal recovery (Fe, Al)
• Recovery of critical metals – technically possible but dependent on market price for metals and input
7
DANISH ENERGY POLICY
• Quote: “….and waste shall play a central role in the development of a green and long-term energy system in Denmark ….”
KATHERINE RICHARDSON,
CHAIR OF THE DANISH
CLIMATE COMMISSION
2010:
In 2020: 35% renewable
energy
In 2050: 100% renewable
8 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
EU BREF - BATOEL
04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT 17
Parameter Unit
BATOEL
daily average ½-hour average
100 %
Dust mg/Nm3 1-5 1-20
HCl mg/Nm3 1-8 1-50
HF mg/Nm3 <1 <2
SO2 + SO3 mg/Nm3 1-40 1-150
NOx as NO2 mg/Nm3 120-1801)
40-1002)
3-3501)
40-3002)
Result of spot sampling
NH3 mg/Nm3 <10
Cd + Tl mg/Nm3 0.005-0.05
9 metals mg/Nm3 0.005-0.5
Hg mg/Nm3 <0.05
Dioxins, TEQ ng/Nm3 0.01-0.1
1) With SNCR. 2) With SCR
SELECTION OF OPTIMAL STEAM PARAMTERS
Economically optimal range of steam parameters
04-10-2012 18 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
WASTE-TO-ENERGY – ENERGY OUTPUT
1 ton affald
2 MWh varme 2/3 MWh elektricitet
19 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
21 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
CLIMATE CHANGE: SAVED CO2 EMISSION
(Methan emission excluded!)
CO2 by producing 10 GJ heat/power and treatment of 1 tonne of waste
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Coal as
energy
source
Oil as
energy
source
CO²saved
Natural gas as
energy
source
Waste as
energy
source
CO
2,
tonne
s
Landfill/composting of waste Energy production
22 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT
COST OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY
• XVC
Image size: 11,29 cm x 10,79 cm
New plant or extension, EU Directive 2005 Construction cost, 700-900 EUR/tonne/year
Treatment cost: • Amortisation • Operation • Maintenance
= EUR/tonne 120-140
÷ Income from sale of electricity 2/3 MWh/t x 60 EUR/MWh =
= EUR/tonne ÷ 40
÷ Income from sale of heat 2 MWh/t x 30 EUR/MWh =
= EUR/tonne ÷ 60
Net treatment cost: Waste-to-Energy
= EUR/tonne20-40
WASTE-TO-ENERGY - COSTS
i.e. about 0,40 EUR/week per household!
WTE costs are the same as the price of an empty
rubbish sack
CONCLUSION:
• Recovery of energy
• Recovery of metals
• Low waste treatment cost
• Low environmental impact
• Reduces CO2
• High public acceptance
• Low energy prices
23 04-10-2012 Bettina Kamuk, RECUWATT