World War II1939-1945

On Sept. 1, 1939 German troops invade Poland

World War II begins…

WWII Alliances What were the major alliances?

• AXIS POWERS1) Germany2) Italy3) Japan

• ALLIED POWERS1)Britain2)France

Tripartite Pact

Russia enters when Hitler violates Non-Aggression

Pact (1941)!United States declares neutrality until 1941

Nazi Europe ~ 1942

Why contributed to Nazi success?• Blitzkrieg

– Lightning War– air and ground warfare (coordinated

w/great speed!)

Battle of Britain: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin...”

“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.” - Winston Churchill, June ‘40

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Lend-Lease ActMarch, 1941

"Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a

length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and

connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I

don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire

is over. "

The Great Arsenal of

Democracy

The London Blitz - 1940

•______________ dropped from Sept – May

(35,000 tons)• 11 consecutive weeks (London)

•37,000 die; 87,000 injured

How was life affected?

____________________Shelters

At a London railway station, arriving troops pass by children who are being

evacuated to the countryside.

Firefighters at work in a bomb damaged street after a Sat. night raid in 1941.

Blackouts/Destruction (2 million houses)

The British need something…

_______________!$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

World War II - Turning Points:

1. Operation Barbarossa (6/’41)

2. Pearl Harbor (12/7/’41)

3. D-Day(6/’44)

Europe 1942?

A Nazi Setback: The Invasion of Russia (6/1941):Non-aggression pact?

1. Operation Barbarossa (largest military operation in history!)

a. 1 MILLION Soviets die in defense of city

Why were they defeated?

a. Germans underestimated Russian (Communist) strength, size, climate

b. German confidence in victory did not prepare supply lines for the winter

i. Tanks lack anti-freeze; couldn’t move!

ii. Scorched-Earth policy; similar to Napoleon; German troops retreat “Death to the German Occupiers”

F.D.R. (12.8.41)

• U.S. signs Declaration of War against Japan • Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S.

Pearl Harbor (12.7.41)

WAR IN THE

PACIFIC

Effects of the A-Bomb:

• Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945)70,000 die immediately100,000’s die from radiation 48,000 buildings destroyed

• NagasakiAug 9, 194540,000 die immediately60,000 injured100,000’s die from radiation

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

V-J Day – Times Square

Aug 14, ’45 – Japanese surrender

The Butterfly

                     

The last, the very last,So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow.Perhaps if the sun’s tears would sing against a white stone....

      

Such, such a yellowIs carried lightly ’way up high.It went away I’m sure because it wished to kiss the world good-bye.

For seven weeks I’ve lived in here,Penned up inside this ghetto.But I have found what I love here.The dandelions call to meAnd the white chestnut branches in the court.Only I never saw another butterfly.

                       That butterfly was the last one.Butterflies don’t live in here, in the ghetto.

What was the significance of D-Day? June 6, 1944

http://www.army.mil/d-day/index.html

1. Allied troops fight the Nazis on the beaches of Normandy,

France

2. Forces Germany to

fight war on 2-fronts

3. Allies advance East

APRIL 28, 1945

• Mussolini & mistress shot/hung

• Put on public display (Milan)

APRIL 30, 1945

• Hitler commits suicide

• May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders

“V-E Day” May 8, 1945

Londoners Celebrate!

U.S. Marines on Mount Surbachi, Iwo JimaFeb 1945

1. Atlantic Charter

(Aug,’41)

2. Declaration by the United

Nations (Jan, ’42)

Joint proclamations by US and Britain

Global II Announcements:1. World War II Exam – Thurs.2. Night of Remembrance – Wed., 4/18

a. MASSIVE EXTRA CREDIT3. Scrapbook Page – Fri., 4/20

The Aftermath of WarWhat do we do now?

What issues need to be dealt with?

1. Future Peace2. Dealing with the “losers”

3. Dealing with the Holocaust 4. New Issues

Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set

forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind…

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,

inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest…

Article 13: Everyone has the right to leave any country, including

his own, and to return to his country.

Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought/religion

Article 20: Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly

Article 21: Everyone has the right to take part in the government

of his country…— United Nations, December 10, 1948

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

1. Future Peace

1. Future Peace

What is the main

idea of the cartoon?

What do we do with Germany?

EAST GERMANY (SOVIET

CONTROL)

WEST GERMANY

(British, French, U.S.

control)

Russian Buffer Zone?

2. LOSERS

Post WWII ~ Economic Recoveries

U.S. Financial Support

JAPAN(Democratic Parliament)

WestGermany

2. LOSERS

In Nazi Germany, what percentage of the people were Perpetrators,

Bystanders, & Rescuers? (take a guess)

Bystanders – 85%

Perpetrators – 9%

Rescuers - 4%*Approxima

te Values

"First They Came for the Jews"

By Pastor NiemollerFirst they came for the Jews and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew.

Then they came for the Communists and I did not speak out because I was not a Communist.

Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist.

Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me.

The Holocaust: Liberation What issues must surviving victims face?• Displaced persons

• Broken families

• Health

• Trauma

• Reconciliation

• Justice

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials

Nov., ‘45

3. Holocaust

Increase in Nationalism

(why?)

INDIA AFRICA

Spread of Communism

4. New IssuesA)

B)

4. New IssuesN

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