MORPHO SYNTAX

Word Level

LECTURER:

BUDI HAMUDDIN, M.EslPresent by :

Antika Kurnia Dian Trisna

T. Sri Wahyuningsih

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF EDUCATION

ANDTEACHER’S TRAINING

IV CLANCANG KUNING UNIVERSITY

A. Classification of Words

According to Fries the class word can besubdivided into the following groups:• Class 1 words( nouns)• Class 2 words ( verbs)• Class 3 words (adjectives)• Class 4 words ( adverbs)

A. Classification of Words

The function word can be subdivided into the following groups:

1. Determines 5. Conjunction2. Auxiliaries 6. Question Words3. Intensifier4. Preposition

Fries (1864:75) made use of the so called minimun free utterance test frames to classify or Identify all English Words. The test frames are as follows: Frame A : The concert was good ( Always) Frame B : The Clerk remembered the tax ( Suddently) Frame C : The Team went there.

1. The Identification of the Parts of Speech

NOUNS VERBS

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB

NOUNS

Frame A• The concern was good man

woman film play family

• Frame CThe team went there players

Students

Frame B The Clerk remembered the tax. worker book collector payment teacher difference

farmer secret student score

• Frame A 1 2(The) --------- is/was good ---------s are/were

Eg: seems/seemed,seem sounds/sounded

• Frame B 1 2 1 ( The) ------ remembered (the) ----- -----s ----s

Eg : paid , sent , received, rejected

• Frame C : 1 2 (The) -------- went there

Eg : arrived,stayed,worked, came

VERBS

Note : Frame B : Transitive + OFrame C : Intransitive

ADJECTIVES

• Frame A 3 1 2 3 ( The ) good --------- is/was good

--------s nice nice interesting intersting friendly friendly happy happy

• Frame A 3 1 3 4 (The) ---- ---- is/was ---always

---s are/were hereEg : soon,now,then,there.

• Frame B 1 2 1 4

(The) --- remember (the)--- suddenly ---s --s

Eg: later, clearly,occasionally,always

Frame C 1 2 4( The) ----- went thereEg: out,back,down,up,away

ADVERBS

2. The Identification of Function Words

DETERMINERS

AUXILIARIES

INTENSIFIERS

PREPOSITION

CONJUNCTION

QUESTIONS WORD

Det 1 2 3(The) ...... Is/was .... .....s are/were

a/anEveryEachAllBothMyAre

B. Auxiliaries

Det 1 Aux 2 3..... .... (may) (be) ............ might

can will would shall should

has ( been)

Auxiliaries are function words which always occur with verbs to form verb phrases

Determiners are function words which always occur with nouns to form noun phrases

A. Determiners

C. IntensifiersDet 1 2 4 Int 4The team went there very rapidlyEg: quite , more, too, awfully, etc

D. Preposition

Det 1 Prep Det 1 2 3..... At ...... ..... .... ......Eg: for,from,in,of,on,to,with,

over

E. ConjuntionsDet 1 Conj det 1 2 3 ---- ---- and ---- ---- ---- ------Eg: but, or, not, nor, rather than

F . Question WordsQW 2 Det 1 3 When was the concert

good?Eg : Where, Why, How.

QW 2Who came ?Eg: which, what.

B. Formal Features of the Four Parts of Speech.

INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES• NOUN• VERBS• ADJECTIVE • ADVERBS

DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES• NOUN• VERBS• ADJECTIVE • ADVERBS

INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES

NOUNS:

a. The plural {Z1}*b. The possesive or Genetive{Z2}Eg : a. Books /bUks/ b. The table’s legs*Note : (s~z~iz)

DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES

• 1. derrivational suffixes: {-al,-ure,-y,-ance,-ment,-ity,-age,-er,-ant,-ing,and –t} to verb stems.

Eg: arrival, goverment Decision,helper, teaching ,so

on.

• 2. derrivational suffixes{ -ness,--ity,-th,-ism,and – dom} to adjective stems

Eg: bigness, freedom , so on.

• Verbs V N + {-fy, -ize, -en}Eg : Modify, Realize

V {be -} {en-} V Adj + -ize,-en eg: nasionalizeV En + adj eg: Endanger

N

Adjectives

• Inflectional Suffixes Two inflectional affixes {-er} and

{-est}Eg: big – bigger- biggest long- longer- longest.

• Derrivational Affixes1 By Adding the affixes {-y,-ly,-ish, al,-ous,-less,- ate,-en} to nounsEg : foolish, lovely, childish,famous

2. {-ent,--ant,-ive,-some,-ory,-en}Eg: creative,

swollen,winsome,excellent,

ADVERBS• Inflectional Suffixes:{ -er} and {-est} to form the

comparative and superelativeEg: fast – faster- fastest late – later – latest

• Derrivational Affixes a. By adding the suffix {-ly} and

prefix {a-} to adj stemsEg: happily, hopefully,aloud,aroundb. By adding the prefix {a-} and {-

ly2} and {-ward} to noun stemsEg:away,aboard,wesward,seaward

, weekly,daily.

C. Word Level Formulas

Tagmemes at Word Level According to O’ Grady and Dobrovolsky(1989:91)

There are two basic types of words in humanlanguage , *SIMPLE and *COMPLEX WORDS

* Simple : Are those that cannot be broken down into smaller meaningfull units

* Complex : Consist of Inflectional Construction and DerrivationalConstruction

1. Noun Structuren=+nnuc:ns + num:numm±pos:posm

Eg : Boys Men’s

2. Verb StructureV=+vnuc:vs +t:tm±asp:aspm

Eg : Writes, wrote, writing

A. Inflectional Constructions

3. Adjective Structureadj=+adjnuc:adjs+comp/supl:{-er}/{-est}

Eg: Shorter or shortest

4. Adverb Structureadv=+advnuc:advs+comp/supl:{-er}/{-

est}Eg : Later or Latest

B. Derivational Constructions

1. Noun Structure n=+core:tvs/adjs+noum:{-ment}/{-ness}Eg: management , happiness

2. Verb Structurev=+core:ns/adjs+vbzr:{-ize}/{-fy}/{-en}

Eg: Blacken, glorify

3. Adjective Structureadj=+core:ns/vs+adjzr:{-ly}/{a-}/{-ful}/{-less}

Eg : Friendly, Lovely

4. Adverbs adv= +core:adjs/ns+advzr:{-ly2}/{a-}Eg: Slowly, Quickly

THANKS

^_^ FOR WATCHING GUYS ^_^