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WELCOME
Child Sex RatioA SITUATION REPORT ON
MISSING GIRL CHILD BASEDON CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
Office of the Registrar General, India13TH March 2004
Am I alone in this crusade?
“It is clear that the sex ratio in the age group 0-6 has decreased at a much faster pace than the overall sex ratio of the country after 1981.
The decreasing sex ratio in this child population perhaps has a cascading effect on the population over a period of time leading to diminishing sex ratio in the country…
– Provisional Population TotalsPaper 1 of 2001 India
Analysis of Census Data
“... One thing is clear- the imbalance that has set at the early age-group is difficult to be removed and would remain to haunt the population for a long time to come.
To say the least, demographically the sex ratio of 927 of the population in the age-group 0-6 does not augur well for the future of the country. “
– Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2001 India
The rest is all history …
Analysis of Census Data
What is Sex Ratio ?
Sex ratio, in India, is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population
It is an index of male-female (im)balance in population
At the Census 2001, sex ratio of population stood at 933 females per 1000 males which is a marginal increase from 927 recorded at the 1991 Census
SEX RATIO - INDIA
900
910920
930
940
950960
970
980
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
CENSUS YEARS
FE
MA
LE
S P
ER
100
0 M
AL
ES
RURAL AND URBAN SEX RATIO: INDIA
820
850
880
910
940
970
10001
901
19
11
19
21
19
31
19
41
19
51
19
61
19
71
19
81
19
91
20
01
CENSUS DECADES
FE
MA
LE
S P
ER
10
00
MA
LE
S
Rural Urban
Sex Ratio in the Districts : 1991 and 2001
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1991 2001
Less than 800800 - 849850 - 899900 - 949950 - 9991000 - 1049
Census years
Persons Males Females
1901 238 121 117
1951 361 186 176
1961 439 226 213
1971 548 284 264
1981 683 353 330
1991 846 439 407
2001 1027 531 496
Census thus reveals that the deficit of women has risen from 3 million in 1901 to 35 million in 2001
INDIASEX RATIO
1981
1991
N.A.
N.A.
2001
Data not available
SEX RATIO850 AND BELOW851 - 900901 - 950 951 - 10001001 AND ABOVE
Source: Census of India
(Females per 1000 males)
Child Sex Ratio(0-6 years)
Child Sex Ratio
Child sex ratio, i.e., sex ratio in the age group 0 to 6 years is a powerful indicator to examine the SOCIAL RESPONSE and ATTITUDE towards the GIRL CHILD in recent past.
The presentation of data on child sex ratio has shown a grim picture of the status of girl child in some parts of the country as per the Census of India 2001.
Child Sex Ratio
Census Total Rural Urban
1981 962 963 931
1991 945 948 935
2001 927 934 903
Decline in child sex ratio from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001 has activated the the entire political, legal and administrative set up of the country.
If it is accepted that the impact of differentialsex selective – undercount, age reportingand migration is negligible then, the sex ratioin the age-group 0-6 years will be principallyinfluenced by :
1. Sex ratio at birth2. Sex selective mortality at younger ages
The sex ratio at birth is usually a biological constant with a value that lies between 943 to 954. As the male infant mortality is higherthan female in normal populations, the child sex ratio would tend to increase and improveover the globally accepted constant.
INDIACHILD SEX RATIO IN
AGE GROUP 0-61991
A
A
N.A. INDIACHILD SEX RATIO IN
AGE GROUP 0-62001
A
A
N.A.
N.A. DATA NOT AVAILABLE
INDIACHILD SEX RATIO IN
AGE GROUP 0-6
1991 2001
FEMALES PER 1000 MALES IN AGE GROUP 0-6
800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950 951 - 10001001 AND ABOVEData Not Available
HIMACHAL PRADESHCHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
(DISTRICTS)1991 2001
Lahul & Spiti
Chamba
Kangra
Kullu
Mandi KinnaurUna
Hamirpur
Shimla
Bilaspur
Solan
Sirmaur
HIMACHAL PRADESHCHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
1991(DISTRICTS)
951
958
965
939
966
968
973
923
938
958
951
923
Lahul & Spiti
Chamba
Kangra
Kullu
Mandi KinnaurUna
Hamirpur
Shimla
Bilaspur
Solan
Sirmaur
HIMACHAL PRADESHCHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
2001(DISTRICTS)
986962
836
960
916839
864
930
884
900
940
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 AND ABOVEData not available
North West
South West
West
East
NorthNorth East
New Delhi
Central
854
845
886
858870
868
867
882
902
South
North West
South West
West
East
NorthNorth East
New Delhi
Central
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 AND ABOVE
913
904
912
913920
918
917
919
937Central
New Delhi
North EastNorth
East
West
South West
North West
South
DELHICHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0 - 6
(DISTRICT)1991 2001
Gurdaspur
Hoshiarpur
Amritsar
Kapurthala
Jalandhar
Rupnagar
K
Nawanshahr
Firozpur
Moga
Ludhiana
Fatehgarh Sahib
Faridkot
MuktsarPatiala
Bathinda
Mansa
Sangrur
P
887873
861
871
878
877
884
860
886
858
867865
879
900
874
873
PUNJAB CHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6 1991 (DISTRICT)
884
FEMALES PER 1000 MALES IN AGE GROUP 0-6800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 - 10001001 AND ABOVE
775
810
783
775
797
791
K
810
819
819 814
754
805
807 770779
779
784
P
SangrurFirozpur
Amritsar
Patiala
Moga Ludhiana
Bathinda
Gurdaspur
Hoshiarpur
Mansa
Muktsar
Jalandhar
Rupnagar
Faridkot
Kapurthala
Fatehgarh Sahib
Nawanshahr
PUNJABCHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
2001 (PROVISIONAL)(DISTRICT)
20011991
PUNJ ABCHILD SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0 - 6
(DISTRICT)
Panchkula
Ambala Yamuna-nagar
Kurukshetra
KaithalKarnal
Sirsa
Jind
Fatehabad
HisarPanipat
Sonipat
Rohtak
Bhiwani
Jhajjar
GurgaonFarida-
bad
RewariMahen-dragarh
Sirsa
Hisar
Bhiwani
Karnal
Gurgaon
Kaithal
Sonipat
Jhajjar
Fatehabad
Rohtak
RewariFarida-
bad
Ambala
Panipat
Kurukshetra
Mahen-dragarh
Yamuna-nagar
Panchkula
Jind
HaryanaChild sex ratio
(District)
1991 2001
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 - 10001001 AND ABOVE
Mahen-dragarh Rewari
Farida-bad
Gurgaon
Jhajjar
Bhiwani
Rohtak
Sonipat
Panipat
Hisar
Fatehabad
Jind
Sirsa
Karnal
Kaithal
Kurukshetra
Yamuna-nagarAmbala
Panchkula
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 - 10001001 AND ABOVE
HaryanaChild sex ratio 2001
(Sub-District)
District Child Sex Ratio (2001)
South (Sikkim) 1036
Upper Siang (Arunachal Pradesh) 1018
Pulwama (Jammu & Kashmir) 1017
Bastar (Chhatisgarh) 1014
Dantewada (Chhatisgarh) 1014
East Kameng (Arunachal Pradesh) 1011
Kupwara (Jammu & Kashmir) 1010
Senapati (Manipur) 1007
Mokukchung (Nagaland) 1004
Badgam (Jammu & Kashmir) 1003
Child Sex Ratio – Top Ten Districts in India
District Child Sex Ratio (2001)
Fathegarh Sahib (Punjab) 754
Patiala (Punjab) 770
Kurukshetra (Haryana) 770
Gurdaspur (Punjab) 775
Kapurthala (Punjab) 775
Bhatinda (Punjab) 779
Mansa (Punjab) 779
Amritsar (Punjab) 783
Sonipat (Haryana) 783
Ambala (Haryana) 784
Child Sex Ratio – Bottom Ten Districts in India
Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6)
Census Years
1991 2001
Total 577 577
Less than 800 - 16
800 - 849 1 32
850 - 899 68 71
900 - 949 181 208
950 - 999 306 242
1000 - 1049 21 8
Distribution of districts by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 (Provisional)
Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6)
Number of villages
2001 1991
Less than 750 4697 2688
751 – 900 4563 4284
901 – 1000 1695 2762
1001 – 1200 899 1843
Above 1200 424 851
Total 12278 12428
Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : PUNJAB
Ranges of Child Sex Ratio (0-6)
Number of villages
2001 1991
Less than 750 1852 977
751 – 900 3359 3142
901 – 1000 1057 1818
1001 – 1200 367 949
Above 1200 129 239
Total 6764 7125
Distribution of villages by ranges of Child Sex Ratio, 1991 & 2001 Census : HARYANA
Child Sex Ratio(Below 850)
India by districts 2001
The situation at tahsil or
taluk level ?
N.A.
N.A. Data Not Available
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 - 10001001 AND ABOVEDATA NOT AVAILABLE
Child Sex Ratio 2001
India at tahsil level
PUNJ ABCHILD SEX RATIOIN AGE GROUP 0-6
2001 (PROVISIONAL)(TAHSIL)
790
773
779
811
812
818
798
826
782
764819
813763
788
838
756
775
761
835
795
786 754
768
777
815820
839
769
817
796
781
821789
766
814
780
836
776
794
743
757
800807
755
827793
772
855
706
784725
801
774
773
795786
769
789772
812
781818
795
788788
788776
826
818
818
813
812
789 786
777
CHI LD SEX RATIO725 AND BELOW726 - 775776 - 825 (SA-793)826 - 875876 - 925926 AND ABOVE
PUNJ ABCHILD SEX RATIOIN AGE GROUP 0-6
1991(TAHSIL)
908
875
858874
864
865887865
872 885860896
847895
864900
894883 914894
884880
895872 869
904 879867
882865 863
857
898882 868874
864859
867854 862
862
880873 878873 CHI LD SEX RATIO
725 AND BELOW726 - 775776 - 825826 - 875 (SA-875)876 - 925926 AND ABOVE
Child Sex RatioPunjab (Tahsil)
1991 - 2001
CHILD SEX RATIO800 AND BELOW801 - 850851 - 900901 - 950951 - 10001001 AND ABOVE
Child Sex Ratio 2001Haryana by Tahsils
THE SITUATION CONTINUES TO BE GRIM …
Media Reports
Punjab asked to probe falling sex ratio -Times of India,
27th April 2001 Sex ratio lowest in the prosperous
states- Times of India, 30th April 2001
Female foeticide on the rise in India
- Hindustan Times, 4th May 2001
IMA plans religious leaders need to fight female foeticide
- The Hindu, 22nd June 2001
Will clergy’s crusade against foeticide make an impact? - Times of India, New Delhi 10th June 2001
Religious heads roped in to set right sex ratio – The Tribune
Billion reasons why planning counts in census - South China Morning Post
What can we do ??
Following the publication of the provisional census results, which among other aspects focused on the plight of the girl child, there has been an enormous activity in the legal, social and governmental spheres to control this menace.
The PIL in the Supreme Court, the Fatwha issued by the religious priests in Punjab and the amendments to the PNDT Act are clear signs of the interest generated in this area of great social concern. ‘SAVE THE GIRL CHILD’ campaign needs to be further supported actively by all the agencies within and outside government in a civilized society to restore the balance of sexes.
CONTROLLING AND MONITORING FEMALE FOETICIDE
- WHAT CAN BE DONE ?
Can we wait for the next census in 2011 to tell whether the sex ratio at birth have improved or further deteriorated ? DEFINITELY NOT.
The answer lies in monitoring sex ratio at birth from the CIVIL REGISTRATION DATA, which gives monthly report for any administrative level.
Instructions have been already issued in this regard by the Registrar General India, to all the CHIEF REGISTRARS OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS in the state for monitoring the monthly sex ratio at birth and disseminate this data back to the public and governments.
Keeping a vigil on
Sex Ratio at Birth
INDIASEX RATIO AT BIRTH
1982
19991991
NO. OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES105 AND BELOW106 - 110111 - 115116 AND ABOVE
SOURCE:SAMPLE RAGISTRATION SYSTEM
INDIASEX RATIO AT BIRTH
1991
NO. OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES105 AND BELOW105 - 110110 - 115115 - 120120 AND ABOVE
Source: Census of India
Reported sex ratio at birth – Punjab District level 2000
5060708090
100110120130140150
Am
rits
ar
Bat
hind
a
Far
idko
t
Fat
ehga
rh S
ahib
Fir
ozpu
r
Gur
dasp
ur
Hos
hirp
ur
Jala
ndha
r
Kap
urth
ala
Lud
hian
a
Man
sa
Mog
a
Muk
thas
ar
Naw
ansh
ahar
Pat
iala
Roo
pnag
ar
San
grur
Tot
al
Rural Urban
Reported sex ratio at birth by religion Punjab - 2000
136132 134
121
134
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Sikh Hindu Muslim Christian Total
SOURCE: CIVIL REGISTRATION SYSTEM
HARYANASEX RATIO AT BIRTH
1998
NO. OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES110 AND BELOW111 - 115 (S.A.-113)116 - 120121 AND ABOVE
SOURCE : CIVIL REGISTRATION SYSTEM
PUNJ ABSEX RATIO AT BIRTH
1998
NO. OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES123 AND BELOW124 - 128 (S.A.-126)129 - 133134 AND ABOVE
GanganagarHanumangarh
BikanerChuru
J hunjhunun
J aisalmer
SikarAlwar
J aipurJ odhpurBharatpurNagaur
Dausa
Ajmer
DhaulpurKarauli
Barmer
Sawai MadhopurTonk
Pali
Rajsamand
Bhilwara
J alor
Ajmer
Bundi
KotaSirohi
Baran
ChittaurgarhUdaipur
Chittaurgarh
J halawar
Dungarpur
Banswara
GanganagarHanumangarh
BikanerChuru
J hunjhunun
J aisalmer
SikarAlwar
J aipurJ odhpurBharatpurNagaur
Dausa
Ajmer
DhaulpurKarauli
Barmer
Sawai MadhopurTonk
Pali
Rajsamand
BhilwaraJ alor
Ajmer
Bundi
KotaSirohi
Baran
ChittaurgarhUdaipur
Chittaurgarh
J halawar
Dungarpur
BanswaraNO. OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES
120 AND BELOW121 - 125126 - 130131 AND ABOVE
2000 2001
Sex Ratio at Birth : Rajasthan
Other Interventions
National Campaign on Birth Certificates
Office of the Registrar General, India has launched campaign for
Improvement of Service Delivery
NATIONAL TARGETS
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY 2000• 100 per cent registration of births, deaths,
marriages and pregnancies by 2010• Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to below
30 per 1000 live births by 2010• Reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to
below 100 per 100,000 live births by 2010
10th Five Year Plan has set monitorable targets on IMR and MMR consistent with the National Population Policy
Who are the stakeholders?
• Planning Commission – a step towards achieving the NPP 2000 targets
• Dept. of Women and Child Development – a step towards better compliance of the international commitments
• Dept. of Family Welfare – moving towards better data on demographic indicators
• Dept. of Education – better information on children
• Social Welfare and Tribal Affairs – Benefits SC/ST who are at the most disadvantaged even in getting birth certificates.
• And obviously the State Governments
Who benefits?
The beneficiaries include, • About 45 million girls• About 16 million Scheduled Castes
children• About 8 million Scheduled Tribes children
These are the groups who have lesser chance of the births getting registered and also having birth certificates. Any increase in awareness would have a cascading effect.
Plan of action for Child Rights Week - 14th to 20th November 2003
To be launched on 14th November 2003
The aim is to distribute about 10 crore Birth Certificates throughout the country
Initially children in the age group 0 to 9 years will be covered
Innovative Scheme in Tamil Nadu
• Cradles are kept in the Social Welfare Department offices of the State Government for receiving female babies from parents
• The babies are brought up by the State Government
• The scheme was introduced as part of a strategy to prevent probable infanticide
• Was started in 1992 by the Chief Minister during her first tenure
• Only Salem district has so far saved 302 female babies
Source: The Hindu : 1st October 2002
Sensitizing public through
publicity campaign
Publicity Item
Conceived, developed & issued by ORGI
Response & Actions to Census Findings
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Government of Haryana
acts ..
Efforts by Punjab Government
NEW YEAR CARD
Efforts by Punjab Government
Special Logo
Efforts by Punjab Government
New Year’s Greeting Card
Efforts by Punjab Government
Publicity Poster
Am I alone in this crusade?
No.
The Government and the civilised
society is responding.
Slowly but surely.
JOIN ME
LET US RETURN THEIR SMILE …
For more information visit our website at:
http://www.censusindia.net/
Or generate maps at:
http://www.censusindiamaps.net/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mr RG MitraDeputy Registrar General (Census)
Dr RP SinghDeputy Registrar General (Map)
Mr C ChakravortyJoint Director
Data Dissemination
Mrs S PrasharJoint DirectorGender Cell
Mr Pooran SinghSenior Geographer
Map Division
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mr RG MitraDeputy Registrar General (Census)
Dr RP SinghDeputy Registrar General (Map)
Mr C ChakravortyJoint Director
Data Dissemination
Mrs S PrasharJoint DirectorGender Cell
Mr Pooran SinghSenior Geographer
Map Division
Thanks