Welcome back to Latin 1011. Pronunciation

2. Some history

3. Latin mottos

1. Pronunciation

Vowels, diphthongs, consonants

armavirumcanōTrōiaequīprīmusabōrīsfātōvēnitmultumiūsnascor

illeetterrīsaltōvīsaevaeobīramquoquebellōpassuslēxvērō

dumurbemdeōsgenusundepatrēsatquealtaeRōmaeMūsamihispissōinde

causāsquōlaesōquidvedolensdeumtotcāsūstantaeīraeurbsnātiōhīs

1. Pronunciation (cont.) Word accent (for words of three syllables or more):

Rule: Accent the penult, unless the penult is short (in which case, accent the antepenult).

Long penult Short penult You decide:

iactātusLatīnumrēgīnalabōrōtantaeneAlbānīqueinsignemdēmonstrō

Ītaliamprofuguslītorasuperumvolverecaelestibustimeō

memoremIunōnisconderetmoenialabōrēsanimīsdēbeōspectantīinferretqueitaque

1. Pronunciation (cont.)Try this:

Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11

Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs

Ītaliam, fātō profugus, Laviniaque vēnit

lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō

vī superum saevae memorem Iunōnis ob īram;

multa quoque et bellō passus, dum conderet urbem, …

1. Pronunciation (cont.)Try this (cont.):

Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11 (cont.)

inferretque deōs Latiō, genus unde Latīnum,

Albānīque patrēs, atque altae moenia Rōmae.

Mūsa, mihi causās memorā, quō nūmine laesō,

quidve dolens, rēgīna deum tot volvere cāsūs

insignem pietāte virum, tot adīre labōrēs

impulerit. Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae?

1. PronunciationTake dictation:

(From p. 41 of Introduction to Latin)

1. PronunciationFollow-up:

Compare some different approaches to pronunciation of Virgil, Aeneid 1.1–11:

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~classics/poetry_and_prose/Aeneid.1.

intro.html

http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/Aeneid1/aeneid1.htm

http://www.poetaexmachina.net/

2. Some historyLatin and English as Indo-European siblings

2. Some historyLatin and English as Indo-European siblings

PROTO-INDOEUROPEAN:

*w(e/o)in-o

ITALIC

LATIN: vīnum

HELLENIC

GREEK: (w)oinos

GERMANIC

GERMAN: wein ENGLISH: wine

2. Some historyLatin’s historical influence on English

LATIN: vīnea “vineyard”

FRENCH: vigne ENGLISH:

vine

LATIN: vītis“grapevine”

cultūra “cultivation”

ENGLISH:viticulture

GREEK: oinos “wine”

philos “loving”

ENGLISH:oinophile

2. Some historyLatin: one of several ancient “Italic” languages

From Philip Baldi, Foundations of Latin

2. Some historyBorrowings from Greek into Latin

φιλοσοφIία

θέρμαι

χορός

γραμματικός

γῦρος

μουσεῖον

στάδιον

σύν-θεσις

οὐσία

philosophia

thermae

chorus

grammaticus

gyrus

museum

stadium

Calques:

com-positio

essentia

2. Some historyA writing system adapted from the Greek

2. Some historyLatin: the language of the Romans

A fragment from the Annales of Ennius (early 2nd c. BCE):

mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virisque

The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men

2. Some historyBuilding a national language

Cicero, De oratore 1.144:

ut pūrē et Latīnē loquāmur

that we may speak purely and Latinly

Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 1.1

Why have I decided to set forth (Greek) philosophy in Latin writing (litterīs Latīnīs)? Not because philosophy could not be comprehended in Greek writing and with Greek instructors, but rather because I have always believed that our ancestors either invented things on their own more wisely than the Greeks or improved the things they received from them (anything, that is, they deemed worth the effort).

2. Some historyA language of empire

2. Some historySchematic timeline of Roman history and Latin authors

http://prezi.com/lg2ryxvudqzw/timeline-of-latin-authors-and-roman-history

/

3. Latin mottosChoose any three to memorize

1. mōribus antīquīs rēs stat Rōmāna virīsque (Ennius)

The Roman republic is founded on ancient customs and on men

2. ōrātor est, Marce fīlī, vir bonus dīcendī perītus (Cato the Censor)

An orator, son Marcus, is a good man skilled at speaking.

3. Rem tenē, verba sequentur (Cato the Censor)

Hold on to the topic: the words will follow.

4. felix qui potuit rērum cognoscere causās (Virgil)Lucky (is he) who could learn the causes of things.

5. Graecia capta ferum victōrem cēpit (Horace)Captured Greece captured her fierce conqueror.

6. parcere subiectīs et debellāre superbōs (Virgil)To spare the submissive and crush the proud.

3. Latin mottosA mix-n-match toolkit to make your own three-word motto

NB1—Be ready to dictate your motto to us at the next class-meeting!

NB2—Standard word-order is subject-object-verb, but you can vary this order if you think it sounds better.

SUBJECTS OBJECTS VERBS

sapientia (wisdom)fāma (reputation)

vir (a man)fortūna (fortune)amīcus (a friend)

bellum (war)cōnsilium (stragegy)

dōnum (a gift)nātūra (nature)

sol (the sun)mare (the sea)

speciēs (appearance)diēs (day/time)

sapientiamfāmamvirum

fortūnamamīcumbellum

cōnsiliumdōnum

nātūramsōlemmare

speciemdiem

monstrat (shows)amat (loves)

docet (teaches)iuvat (helps)

optat (chooses)superat (conquers)

aedificat (builds)terret (scares)portat (brings)

dat (gives)ōdit (hates)

probat (proves)interficit (kills)