Week Eight Agenda

•Link of the week•Review week seven lab assignment•This week’s expected outcomes•Next lab assignment•Break-out problems•Upcoming deadlines•Questions and answers

Link of the week

Firmware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmwarehttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/f/firmware.htmlOpen Source Projectshttp://sourceforge.nethttp://freshmeat.net

• Define: Firmware• Advantages of Firmware• Do firmware memory chips require electrical

power?

Review week seven lab assignmentDefine: tar

tar –cf newpack.tar /export/home/dandreartar –xvf origpack.tartar –tvf origpack.tar

Define: gzipgzip filename.targzip –d filename.tar.gzgunzip filename.tar.gz

Define: bzip2/bunzip2

• Installing the software packagePackage FreeBSD Port

Review week seven lab assignment• Every file is associated with one inode• The inode contains the following information:

file mode

count of hard links

owner id

group id

time of last file access

time of last file modification

file size

file addresses

Review week seven lab assignment

Review week seven lab assignment

• The directory maps file names to inodes.• Each file has one inode.• The number of inodes is a kernel parameter

value set manually or dynamically by the operating system.

• Each file may have more than one directory entry.

• Inodes contain a list of disk block addresses.• Demonstrate ls –i and ls –li commands

Review week seven lab assignment

Review week seven lab assignment• When there are multiple hard links, more directory

entries point to the same inode (same file name)• An inode can only hold a fixed number of direct data

block addresses (10 for Linux). Large files use indirect block addresses.

• The inode keeps a count of the number of hard links that point to it.

• Deleting a file deletes and entry from a directory.

• If the number of hard links is 1, removing or deleting that file will also delete the inode.

• Demonstrate ls –li /etc physical links

Review week seven lab assignment

Review week seven lab assignment

• A symbolic link is a link to a directory or to a file in a different file system.

Recall that Unix/Linux combines all the file systems into a single integrated tree structure.

Review week seven lab assignment• Two choices for installing a project

1. Install binaries from a package

called rpm in Red Hat

rpm checks for dependencies and conflicts with other installed packages

Review week seven lab assignment

2. Install from source code

Allows for custom installations

Allows for code modifications

Optimum compilation for target platform

Review week seven lab assignment

• rpm is a toolrpm –q sloccount (query to see if tool

exists)If the tool isn’t on your system, create a

directory named sloccountDownload name sloccount-2.23-

1.i386.rpmrpm –vUh sloccount-2.23-1.i386.rpm

(install tool)See the man page regarding the rpm tool

Review week seven lab assignment

• QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES: rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]

rpm --import PUBKEY ...

rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest] PACKAGE_FILE ...

• INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES: rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--repackage] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

Review week seven lab assignment• Usually, the source files are packaged in a

compressed archive file (.tar.gz). After downloading, the .tar.gz file, use the tar tool to uncompress the un-package the source files.

Review week seven lab assignment

Software Installation of UNIX/Linux typically goes something like this:

• Download the software, which might be distributed in source code format, or as a binary.

• Unpack the software from its distribution format (typically a tarball compressed with compress, gzip, or bzip2

• Locate the documentation (perhaps an INSTALL or README file, or some files in a doc/ subdirectory) and read up on how to install the software.

• If the software was distributed in source format, compile it. This may involve editing a makefile, or running a configure script, and other work.

• Test and install the software.

Review week seven lab assignment

• Kernel is the central component of most operating systems. It’s responsibility is to manage the system’s resources and communicate between the hardware and software.

• Kernel space is allocated for the kernel. Users aren’t able to access this area. Kernel space is generally larger than user space.

• User space is a memory area where all user mode applications are performed. This memory area is swappable if necessary.

Review week seven lab assignmentTurnable Parameters

Unix/Linux kernel semmni, semmns, aand semmsl reflect the number of semaphores per set/Cache usesshmmax, shmmni, shmseg, and shmall

reflect shared memory allocationmaxusers, pt_cnt, use_mxcc_prefetch

Filesystem (CDFS, MEMFS, NAMEFS, NFS, SFS, S5, UFS, VXFS)

Buffer cacheAmount of memory used to transfer a file system data structure such as inodes, indirect blocks,

and cylinder groups.

Review week seven lab assignment

• Demonstrate /etc/sysconfig is the location of configuration files.

• Software releases

Interfaces – normally remain the constant.

Implementations – actual fixes

Behaviors – system changes from one implementation to another

Week eighth expected outcomes

Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to:

• Create make file scripts for software programs.

• Use pattern rules in make files. • Create an effective PowerPoint

presentation. • Create make files with multiple targets. • Install software packages on a server.

Next Lab Assignment

• The Installation Exercise is an exercise that requires following directions. Perform each step in the prescribed sequence and syntax.

• Create an ASCII file named 4th_log.txt• Create the following directory

/$HOME/itec400/homework/4th

• Download the programming language “forth”

• Copy compressed “tar” file to your 4th directory

cd /$HOME/itec400/homework/4th

cp ~dandrear/public_html/itec400/Misc/4th-3.3d2-unix.tar.gz .

Next Lab Assignment

• The expected output is an executable file called “4th”.

• Commandswho –r

fsck

/etc/fstab (view on cs.franklin.edu)

ls –x or ls -a

Break-out problemsFirmwareBIOSMaster Boot Record (MBR)PagingSystem panicVirtual memory/boot/vmlinuz-*Single user modeinit processASCIIFreeBSD software

Upcoming deadlines

• Programming Assignment 1, 6-1 is due 6/22/08.

• Installation Exercise, 8-1 is due 6/29/08

• Startup/Shutdown, 10-1 is due 7/6/08

Questions and answers

• Questions

• Comments

• Concerns

• I am available after this Franklin Live session to discuss any problems and/or concerns regarding the lab assignments