Transcript of Week 8. scientific skills (ii)
- 1. EDU555 CURRICULUM & INSTRUCTION Educational Emphasis
(Scientific Skills)
- 2. Scientific Skills 0 Logical operations of thinking in
investigations. They are either; 0 Basic (Science Process Skills) 0
Integrated (Manipulative Skills) 0 Basic Process Skills 0
Observing, comparing, classifying, quantifying, inferring,
predicting and communicating. 0 Integrated Process Skills 0
Embodied in experimenting which includes hypothesizing, controlling
variables and classifying data.
- 3. Basic Process Skills Science Process Skills (SPS)
- 4. 1. OBSERVING most basic and fundamental of the process
skills. One cannot compare, classify or perform the other process
skills without being a good observer. We observe objects or events
through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing.
Example: Describing a pencil as yellow
- 5. The Process of observing can be: 0 Qualitative this is
identifying and naming the properties of an object such as its
shape, color, size, texture, smell, and sound. 0 Quantitative This
kind of observation involves measurement. 0 Change it could be the
result of crushing, pounding, burning, cutting, decaying, etc.
- 6. 2. COMPARING Comparing is using observable properties in
discovering similarities of and differences between objects and
phenomena. Through comparison, we are able to identify
relationships among objects and phenomena observed.
- 7. 3. CLASSIFYING There is an overwhelming number of things
around us nonliving and living things. Order can be attained by
observing similarities, differences and interrelationships and by
grouping them accordingly to suit some purpose. Example: Placing
all rocks having certain grain size or hardness into one
group.
- 8. 4. INFERRING While observing is getting information by using
one or more senses, inferring is explaining or interpreting an
observation. Example: Saying that the person who used a pencil made
a lot of mistakes because the eraser was well worn.
- 9. 5. PREDICTING Predicting is the process of using past
observations or data along with other kinds of scientific knowledge
to forecast event or relationships. A statement not based on
observation is not a prediction. It is simply a guess.
Interpolation is predicting new data based on and within a trend/
pattern of previously observed data. Extrapolation - is predicting
new data outside or beyond the range of previously observed
data.
- 10. 6. QUANTIFYING Quantifying is making and manipulating
quantitative observations. This involves: 1. Using numbers 2.
measuring 3. using time and space Example: Using a meter stick to
measure the length of a table in centimeters.
- 11. 7. COMMUNICATING Expressing ideas in many forms, such as
orally, in writing or with graphs, diagrams, tables of data or
photographs is a way of communicating. Example: Describing the
change in height of a plant over time in writing or through a
graph.
- 12. Integrated Process Skills Manipulative Skills
- 13. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS These skills involve using equipment
and materials properly and accurately, preparing setups for
investigation, and handling specimen carefully.
- 14. THANK YOU