Post on 07-Jul-2016
description
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
APA Referencing
Learning outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to
Understand why academic texts have reference lists
and bibliographies
Understand and practice the structure of the APA
referencing system
Documenting sources
This is the practice of citing original
sources of information used in journal
articles, books, formal reports or any
documents that include evidence from
printed work.
Why use references?
Readers can locate the original source
material
The writer is not personally responsible for
the contents
To avoid charges of plagiarism
When to document
DO document (cite) when
:
Using a direct quotation
from another text
Paraphrasing information
from another source
DON’T document (cite)
when :
Presenting widely known
information
Information comes from
encyclopedias or
dictionaries
Documenting sources
The systems most frequently used in the
natural sciences, social sciences and
technical fields are :
APA or American Psychological Association
(others- IEEE, Number-reference…etc)
Bibliographies & References
Bibliography
Lists sources used for background reading
as part of research.
References
Lists the particular sources used e.g.
journal articles, books, websites, graphics
Structuring of Bibliographies and References
For Books
Author.
(Publication Date).
Editors e.g. In R.Day and D.Ray
(eds)
Title of book.
Edition e.g. 3rd ed.
Place of publication :
Publisher.
Doe, D. (1984).History of
Cartography. 6th ed. London:
Virago Press.
For Journal
papers
Author.
(Publication Date).
Title of article.
Periodical title.
Volume number,
(Edition).
Page numbers e.g. 603-633
Doe,D. (1985). Food colourants.
Nutrition. 31 (3) 603-633.
Now you try
Example 1
Lucy Richards
Handling qualitative data :
A practical guide.
Sage publishers, London
In 2005.
Example 2
Zhang Tan
Questioning in Chinese
university EL
classrooms. What lies
beyond it?
Volume 38 edition 1 2007
RELC Journal
Pages 87-103
Quick review to conclude
What is the sequence for a book?
What is the sequence for a journal?
This is the last slide for APA
referencing. Thank you for
paying attention