WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT4-2

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gifhttp://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg

http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg

Ways organisms interact______________________

Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs

__________________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism

WHAT IS A RESOURCE?____________________________________________

Examples:

________________________

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources.

http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg

http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for available resources:

http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpghttp://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources

http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg

http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:

http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg

http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg

Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acreMountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi

COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg

Ways organisms interact

___________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms

Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs

http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

PREDATIONOrganisms in an ecosystem that

capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs

http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg

INTERDEPENDENCEAll living and non-living things in anecosystem are interconnected and

changingeven one thing impacts the whole

ecosystem.When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. 

~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder

COMPETITIONIf resources are scarce, some organisms

will starve and populations will decrease.

If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase.

Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser

. . . with the loser failing to survive!

If a nutrient is in _____________OR __________________it will LIMIT the growth of thepopulation= _____________

http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg

During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroosstarved.

REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED !

A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve.Fewer predators mean prey population will increase.

Increase in prey means more food for predators.Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself.

BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

LIMITING NUTRIENT

When an ecosystem receives a LARGE inputof limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) thepopulation increases dramatically = ___________

http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg

The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps the populationin check.

Ways organisms interact

__________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other

http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg

COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups

EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc

http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.htmlhttp://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpghttp://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg

Share food & childcare responsibilitiesGroom each otherTake care of sick

COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups

EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc

Hunt in packs

Provide protection

http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpghttp://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg

Ways organisms interact

__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism

http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg

3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS______________________Both organisms benefit

______________________One organism benefits;Other is neither harmed nor

helped

_____________________One organism benefits;Other is harmed in some way

MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you”

Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests.

http://www.imbt.org/science.htmhttp://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg

MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”

Insects transfer pollen between plants as theygather nectar for food.

http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg

http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html

MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”

Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones

http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg

Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish

COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”

http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif

Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark;Shark is neither harmed nor helped

COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother

you”

http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg

Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails;Snail is not harmed by crab

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed

http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Tick feeds on dog’s blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite

http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm

PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”

Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed

http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg

BIOGEOCHEMICALCYCLES

3-3

http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle

See a video clip aboutCYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3

Energy is not the only thingthat moves through the ecosystem.

Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed.

http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm

Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

ENERGY & MATTER

4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms

CARBON

HYDROGEN

OXYGEN

NITROGEN

The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in___________________________

WATER CYCLE= ___________________

http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Makes up 60-70% of your body

Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Water is a good _________________Many molecules dissolve in water so itprovides a place for chemical reactionsto happen

Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with__________________

http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

WATER CYCLE

__________

_____________

http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________

The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________

http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm

PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html

WATER CYCLE

CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inocean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE

CO2 inatmosphere

CO2 inOcean

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and

calcium carbonate in rocks

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,

nucleic acids, lipids

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?

Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on.

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

________________ make DNA and RNA

Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ______

Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas

(N2)

Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!

The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif

Bacteria that live ______________and in _________ relationships withplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell

Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from

the ___________ ___________ we breathe!

N2 in Atmosphere

NH3

NO3-

and NO2-

Section 3-3

NITROGEN CYCLE

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process

___________ → _____________.

THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water

Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water

Phosphate moves through food web

Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition

Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle

Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemicalcycle that does NOT cycle through the

______________

BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?

Image by Riedell

Makes __________________

__________________ as ATP

Makes _____________for cell membranes

Image by Riedell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm