3 main ways organisms interact with each other: 1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Symbiosis.
WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2
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Transcript of WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2
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WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT4-2
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gifhttp://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg
http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg
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Ways organisms interact______________________
Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources
__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs
__________________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other
__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism
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WHAT IS A RESOURCE?____________________________________________
Examples:
________________________
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COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources.
http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg
http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg
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COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for available resources:
http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpghttp://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm
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COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources
http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg
http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg
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COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:
http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg
http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg
Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acreMountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi
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COMPETITIONOrganisms in an ecosystem have tocompete with each other for availableresources:
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg
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Ways organisms interact
___________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
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PREDATIONOrganisms in an ecosystem that
capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs
http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg
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INTERDEPENDENCEAll living and non-living things in anecosystem are interconnected and
changingeven one thing impacts the whole
ecosystem.When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.
~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder
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COMPETITIONIf resources are scarce, some organisms
will starve and populations will decrease.
If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase.
Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser
. . . with the loser failing to survive!
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If a nutrient is in _____________OR __________________it will LIMIT the growth of thepopulation= _____________
http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg
During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroosstarved.
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REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED !
A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve.Fewer predators mean prey population will increase.
Increase in prey means more food for predators.Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself.
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
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LIMITING NUTRIENT
When an ecosystem receives a LARGE inputof limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) thepopulation increases dramatically = ___________
http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg
The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps the populationin check.
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Ways organisms interact
__________________Between SAME kind of organismsLive together and help each other
http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg
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COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups
EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.htmlhttp://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpghttp://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg
Share food & childcare responsibilitiesGroom each otherTake care of sick
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COOPERATIONSame species live together in groups
EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
Hunt in packs
Provide protection
http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpghttp://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg
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Ways organisms interact
__________________________Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism
http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg
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3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS______________________Both organisms benefit
______________________One organism benefits;Other is neither harmed nor
helped
_____________________One organism benefits;Other is harmed in some way
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MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you”
Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests.
http://www.imbt.org/science.htmhttp://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg
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MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”
Insects transfer pollen between plants as theygather nectar for food.
http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg
http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html
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MUTUALISM “Good for me - Good for you”
Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones
http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg
Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish
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COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”
http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif
Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark;Shark is neither harmed nor helped
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COMMENSALISM“Good for me - Doesn’t bother
you”
http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg
Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails;Snail is not harmed by crab
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PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”
Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed
http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif
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PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”
Tick feeds on dog’s blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite
http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm
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PARASITISM“Good for me - Hurts you”
Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed
http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg
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BIOGEOCHEMICALCYCLES
3-3
http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle
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See a video clip aboutCYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3
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Energy is not the only thingthat moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed.
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
ENERGY & MATTER
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4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in___________________________
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WATER CYCLE= ___________________
http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html
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WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
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WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?Water is a good _________________Many molecules dissolve in water so itprovides a place for chemical reactionsto happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with__________________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
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WATER CYCLE
__________
_____________
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
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The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
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PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
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CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
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4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
CO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inOcean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and
calcium carbonate in rocks
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WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
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WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on.
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
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Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
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WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?
Image by Riedell
________________ make DNA and RNA
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ______
Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
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79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas
(N2)
Image by Riedell Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________
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http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Bacteria that live ______________and in _________ relationships withplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
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Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell
Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________ ___________ we breathe!
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N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
NO3-
and NO2-
Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
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Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
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PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water
Phosphate moves through food web
Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition
Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle
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Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemicalcycle that does NOT cycle through the
______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
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WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?
Image by Riedell
Makes __________________
__________________ as ATP
Makes _____________for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm