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Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise.

2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services.

More than 80% of waste water resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any treatment.

Every day, nearly 1000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation related diarrhoealdiseases.

SDG#6Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

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Egypt suffers from low coverage of appropriate

sanitation systems in rural areas.

Rural sanitation: a remaining challenge

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Studying the performance of different low-cost fabric materials, as

an integrated unit within a low-cost treatment system, in the

removal of TSS and COD from wastewater.

The research aims at testing the performance of the selected

fabric material at the pilot scale in Zawyet El Karatsah wastewater

treatment plant in El-Fayyoum Governorate Egypt, using real

sewage

An innovative, low cost model was designed,

manufactured and tested in Fayoum WWTP

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P1

P2

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3 4

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2

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4-Down-flow anaerobic packed-bed baffled reactor. 5- Passive aeration.6- Biological filter.7- Sedimentation tank.8- Slow sand filter.9-Final effluent of the setup.10-Sludge removal.11- Vents to collect biogas.

1-Submersible pump in the carrying channel of the raw sewage after grit removal.2-Influent of the setup.3-Up-flow anaerobic reactor.

Option 1 Option 2

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Part I - Laboratory Scale Experiment- Selection of the fabric material- Design of the laboratory scale experiment- Development of the sampling plan- Carrying out the experiment and recording of results

Part II - Pilot Scale Experiment - Design of the pilot scale experiment- Development of the sampling plan - Carrying out the experiment and recording of results

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Carried out in the Central laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring affiliated to the National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in El KanaterEl khayreya.

Lasted for 14 months.

Synthetic waste water was used having quality similar to the 2 points P1 (high strength water) and P2 (low strength water).

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Waste Water Storage

Container

Container for Back

Wash

3 Reactors

Manufactured Fabric filter

Pump

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Non woven fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment.

Woven fabric is a textile formed by weaving.

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All fabrics used in this research are made from recycled Polyester which is manufactured by using previously used polyester items like PET bottles, polyester cloths etc.

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Polyester is plastic, made from Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET).

Different flux rates

F1, F2 and F3

(36, 67 and 88 Liter/hr m2 respectively).

Different water headsH1, H2 and H3 (150, 175 and 200 cm)

Different influent water characteristics

High strength and low strength water resulting from the 2 points mentioned earlier P1 and P2

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Time in Hours Sample number

0 Sample 0 (Influent wastewater)

1 Sample 1 (Effluent waste water)

2 Sample 2 (Effluent waste water)

4 Sample 3 (Effluent waste water)

6 Sample 4 (Effluent waste water)

8 Sample 5 (Effluent waste water)

TSS and COD

Using water (10 min every 8 hrs)

Using chemicals 2 mixtures (NaOCl) (10 min every 24 hrs for low concentrations)

(10 min every 48 hrs for high concentrations)

Part II was carried out in Zawyet El Karatsah Waste water treatment plant.

Part II lasted for 4 months.

Part II used real waste water resulting from 2 villages Manshiat Abdullah and Zawyet El Karatsah

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Perforated stainless steel sheet

Corrugated Filter inside the perforated metal

Fabric filter unit

Filtration Unit

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A compact unit comprising four fabric-filter

compartments followed by contact/ back-wash

compartment

A compartment comprising a filtration

unit

Fabric Filter Unit

Three fabric filters fixation points

Opening for maintenance

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The Fabric Filter System during Start up Experiments

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Sampling Point 1

Sampling Point 2

Sampling Point 3

Sampling Point 4

Sampling Point 5,6,7

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Point Description

Point 1 Raw wastewater

Point 2 Effluent of the anaerobic system in the existing system

Point 3 Effluent of the aerobic biological filter in the in the existing system,

which is the influent of the fabric filter system (new installation)

Point 4 Effluent of the fabric filter system just before backwashing

Point 5 Effluent of the fabric filter system just after backwashing

Point 6 Effluent of the fabric filter system after backwashing by 1 hour

Point 7 Effluent of the fabric filter system after backwashing by 2 hour

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TSS, COD, VSS, BOD, Ammonia, Nitrate, Total Phosphate

Using water Each fabric filter unit is washed every 8 hrs.

The time between washing of two consecutive fabric filter units is 2 hrs.Duration of the back wash is 2 min.

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6 8

TSS

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n, m

g/L

Time, h

Fabric 1

Fabric 2

Fabric 3

Fabric 4

Limits of law 48 - Year1982

TSS removal along the time of the experiment (Initial TSS concentration 160 mg/L, Initial flux

rate of 36 L/h/m2 and a constant water head on the fabric of 1.75 m)

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 2 4 6 8

CO

D C

on

cen

tra

tio

n, m

g/L

Time, h

Fabric 1

Fabric 2

Fabric 3

Fabric 4

Limits of law 48 - Year

1982

COD removal along the time of the experiment (Initial COD concentration 220 mg/L, Initial

flux rate of 36 L/h/m2 and a constant water head on the fabric of 1.75 m)

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0

20

40

60

80

100

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Rem

oval

Eff

icie

ncy

, %

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n,

mg/L

Time, days

Influent

Effluent

Removal Efficiency

TSS removal with time of the pilot scale experiment

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0

20

40

60

80

100

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Rem

oval

Eff

icie

ncy

, %

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n,

mg/L

Time, days

Influent

Effluent

Removal Efficiency

COD-total removal with time in the pilot scale experiment

Fabric materials were found to be useful in water filtration therefore they can be used in wastewater treatment.

Fabric filtration using nonwoven fabrics was found to be an effective tool for waste water treatment in small communities.

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The non-woven fabric coated with Teflon membrane (Fabric 2) having a specific weight of 542 g/m2 and thickness of 1.77 mm was found to be the best fabric in terms of performance in the removal of various parameters under the following operating conditions; Flux rate 36 L/h/m2 and a water head of 1.5-1.75 m. However, this fabric has the highest price. Therefore, the non woven-woven scrim supported fabric (Fabric 1: having a specific weight of 375 g/m2 and thickness of 2.57 mm) and a locally manufactured nonwoven–woven scrim polyester fabric material (Fabric 4: having a weight 254 g/m2 and a thickness of 1.76 mm) are recommended for use as filtration materials in fabric filter cartridges. This is due to their performance in removal of TSS, workability and availability.

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It is concluded that the complete system (ZECU integrated with the fabric filter unit) and which was installed in Zawyet El Karatsah wastewater treatment plant in EL Fayyoum Governorate (Egypt) succeeded to efficiently remove TSS. The average removal efficiency of TSS using the fabric filter unit were found to be 43%.

The fabric filter unit were unable to efficiently remove COD and BOD because the major fractions of these parameters were dissolved in wastewater.

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AcknowledgementsPart of the current research (pilot-scale experiments) is funded by the Science and

Technology Development Fund, STDF, Egypt, Grant No 10699.

Thank you

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