Post on 15-May-2015
description
Gil Acostaand Jeff Wheatley
ED443G: Adaptive and Assistive Technology in
Special EducationNovember 13, 2008
Dr. Cyrus
Objectives: By the end of the presentation, you will be able to:
Know the two ways TBI occurs.Identify and apply different ways of
preventing or reducing the chances of TBI.
Understand ways in which educational, social and community needs are fulfilled for those afflicted with TBI.
Definition: (IDEA) TBI is an acquired injury to the
brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment or both.
“Layman’s” Definition: TBI is an injury to the head that can be
caused “externally” or “internally.” And can affect a person’s cognitive, behavioral, and/or physical abilities.
Prevalence:Of 1.4 million cases of TBI in the U.S.
annually:
Among children 0-14, TBI results in an
estimated:
50,000 die 235,000 are
hospitalized 1.1 million are
treated and released from hospital emergency rooms
2,685 deaths37,000
hospitalizations435,000
emergency visitsOn Guam there is one case of TBI
(GPSS)
TBI Characteristics:COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
Poor MemoryReduced
Concentration and Attention Span
Difficulty Solving Problems
Mood Changes: Possibly including irritability or anger
RestlessnessOver Emotional
TBI Characteristics: PhysicalLimb Weakness
Poor BalanceSpeech Problems
FatigueDisrupted Sleep Patterns
Sensory Problems (headaches, poor sense of smell, visual
disturbances, poor or heighten hearing)
Source: CDC
Two Ways TBI Can Occur :Closed Brain
Injury Open Brain InjuryThere is a
penetration or open head injury to the skull
There is a penetrating injury to the brain
No penetrating injury to the brain; no break in the skull
Can occur from the rapid back and forth movement or shaking of the brain within the skull
Can occur due to poor health, disease, or neurological problem
PreventionWear seatbeltsBuckle up children in child safety seats;
booster seat for children that weigh 40 lbs.
Never drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Wearing a helmet for adults and/or children when:
1. Riding a bike, motorcycle, snowmobile, or
ATV 2. Playing contact sports like
football or ice hockey 3. When riding a horse
Assessment/Diagnosis(Tests indicated below can assess from mild to severe TBI)
Glasgow Coma Scale Score: measures the severity of a TBI
CT Scan (Computerized Tomography): can detect physical changes in the brain
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: produces a high resolution image of the brain
Angiogram: injection of a dye into an artery checks blood flow to the brain
EEG (Electroencephalograph): measures electrical activity in the brain
Early Intervention
Family is Key
Most cases identified before 6 months of age
Receive more federal funding than other
children with special needs
Fully inclusive preschool programs
Teaching Tips
Symantic Feature Analysis- helps student
organize learning
Functional Behavioral Assessment
Technology
TransitionCommunity Presence
Integration into workplace, residential and
recreational settings
Community Based Instruction
Functional skills occur in real community
settings
College Participation
Collaboration
Family and IndividualMulti-Disciplinary
TeamsGeneral & Sp.Ed.AidesAT SpecialistsSLP'sOT'sPT's
Partnership with Family & Community
Services and programs for all individuals with low incidence disabilities must be a part of the community.
Professionals must provide support for each and every family and the decisions they encounter.
Assistive TechnologyCognitive AidsCommunication AidsAdaptive ToysAids to Augment HearingFeeding DevicesAlternate Computer AccessVisual AidsAids to assist with walking, dressing, and other
activities of daily living
Video Clipshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwNnwi87
GzMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jMlfNwgO
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Questions
In what ways can we improve our community to better assist anyone with low incidence disabilities (TBI)?
How can we, as educators, support the individual and the family affected by low incidence disability (TBI)?
What can we provide, as community members, to assist any individual with a disability?
ReferencesBrain Injury. Retrieved September 28, 2008. From
Brain Injury Wales Website: http://www.braininjurywales.com/brain_injury.html
Smith, Deborah (2007), Introduction to Special Education: Making a Difference 6th Edition. Pearson Education, Inc
What is Brain Injury? Retrieved September 28, 2008. From the Center for Disease Control Website: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htm
TBI Facts and Stats. Retrieved September 28, 2008. From the Nero Skills website: http://neroskills.com/tbi/facts/shtml
Brain Injury Information. Retrieved September 30, 2008. From the Brain Injury Association of America website: http://www.biausa.org/index.html