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Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization Provisional Technical Secretariat Vienna International Centre P.O.Box 1200 Wagramerstrasse 5 A-1400 Vienna Austria

Contract number: 2008-0834

Site Survey for IMS Radionuclide Station RN 34 Reykjavik Final Report Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute Raudarárstígur 10 IS-150 Reykjavik ICELAND Reykjavík, 29 January 2008 _________________________ Kjartan Gudnason station manager

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RADIONUCLIDE SITE SURVEY REPORT1

� (RN – 34) �

1. General information

Treaty location 64,4 N 21,9 W (later changed to 64,0856 N, 21,8431 W) •••• Proposed location (degrees/minutes/seconds format, also national co-ordinates, if they exist;

please also state which reference is used for determining them (WGS-84 or other)) 64°07.648'N, 21°54.166'W (64,127N, 21,903W) WGS-84 reference

•••• Altitude (m) 52 m.a.s. •••• Locality Central Reykjavik •••• Province Municipality of Reykjavik •••• Airport (with distance in km) Keflavik International Airport (55 km) •••• Seaport (with distance in km) Reykjavik (10 km) •••• Rail station (with distance in km) N/A (no railroads in Iceland) •••• Local access The site has road access for all kinds of vehicles all year. •••• Best and most cost effective way for transporting heavy equipment to the station location

Truck, transporter, crane •••• Best and most cost effective way for people to access the station location By car, bicycle. •••• Description (urban, rural, forest, etc.) Urban, headquarters of the Icelandic Meteorological

Office in central Reykjavik. •••• Type of terrain (vegetation or use) Sparsely vegetated with grass. •••• Located in valley/depression No •••• Grade Flat, top of hill •••• Person in charge of the site survey (name, organisation, address, phone, fax, email)

Kjartan Gudnason Geislavarnir ríkisins Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute Rauðarárstígur 10 IS-150 Reykjavik ICELAND

tel. +354 552 8200 fax: +354 552 8202 kjartan@gr.is

2. Narrative site description The site area is within the premises of the Icelandic Meteorological Office. It has been one of the main meteorological observation points in the country since 1920. The site offers good meteorological conditions for sampling of radionuclides in the atmosphere as it is located on a hill and is not shielded by mountains or large structures nearby. There is clear line of sight to the satellite.

3. Available buildings and land for hosting the radionuclide station

1 Each proposed locations should be described separately.

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Provide a description of existing buildings that can be used to host the radionuclide station. The suitability of these buildings should be checked regarding the necessary structural changes, the existing power supply, the availability (ownership). Also the land availability and land ownership should be considered carefully for the choice of the site. The preferred option for locating the station would be in a container or custom-built shelter on the ground some dozen meters Eastward from the Met. Office’s main building, which is owned by the State of Iceland. An alternative would be to situate the container on the roof of the main building of the Met. Office.

4. Operational information

•••• Responsible agency Icelandic Meteorological Office •••• Address Bústaðavegur 9, IS-150 Reykjavik •••• Technical contact (with phone/fax/email)

Kjartan Gudnason (kjartan@gr.is) tel. +354 552 8200 fax: +354 552 8202

•••• Electrical power 220 V / 3 X 400 V. •••• Power outages Power outages at the proposed site are extremely rare. A diesel generator takes over in case of an outage. All power supplied to the station will be from UPSs driven by the local power grid – or, in case of an outage – by the diesel generator.

•••• Technical support General technical support is available in Reykjavik •••• Is the site of the station shared with other organisations or used for additional purposes? If

so please specify. The Met. Office does not currently share the site with other organisations. Occasionally the site has been used for sampling aerosols for measurements of air pollution etc.

•••• If spare parts are not available at the station site, how long would it take to replace malfunctioning components? (assuming that most of spare parts are at disposition at a central place or can be purchased without delays). Same as with current location. Reykjavik is about as easily accessible as any other European capital. The proposed site is much better accessible than the current one and can be reached from IRPI’s headquarters in a few minutes.

5. Existing station infrastructure (indicate also manufacturer of each component)

The current station is a certified CTBTO IMS station. All relevant information can be found in the RN34 Station Report (ECS/DOTS/RN34/STN/001/11-07-05), and the Certification Report. The current equipment is to be moved to the new location.

•••• Air sampler equipment •••• Air sampler capacity (m3/h) •••• Filter type •••• Filter efficiency •••• Filter measuring geometry •••• Operational mode (manual/automatic) •••• If the operational mode is manual, specify where the detectors are placed and which type of

shielding is used (for the detectors and for the “laboratory”) •••• Detector equipment

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•••• Detector(s) relative efficiency •••• Resolution (keV at 1332 keV) •••• Energy calibration range •••• Type of calibration source used (liquid, solid, multinuclide, etc.) •••• Current operating cycle •••• Auxiliary data •••• CTBT upgrade required •••• Electrical power •••• Back-up power •••• Infrastructure (existing laboratory or equivalent near the station) •••• Other •••• Date of the above equipment inventory

6. Installing preferences for upgrading or for a new station (not binding)

The current equipment is to be moved to the new location.

•••• Would you prefer an automatic or a manual operated station ?

•••• Which system would you like to install (type and manufacturer) ?

air sampler

measuring system (detector, electronic, software)

•••• Preferences or needs concerning the housing of the station.

•••• Other preferences (the more details are provided the easiest and faster will be in the future the equipment purchasing procedure; these points will be taken in consideration for the station installation)

7. Meteorological information

•••• General climate description. In SW-Iceland lows and frequent changes in wind and temperature dominate the climate. The winters are mild and the summers cool and classified to Cf (warm temperate rainy climate) according to Köppen’s climate classification. Mainly the air masses come from west and are cold maritime polar air masses originated from Canada. Sometimes very cold and dry air masses come from the Arctic and occasionally SW-Iceland gets warm and humid air masses from south and southeast.

A detailed meteorological report was provided with the site survey report for the current location, which is mainly based on data from the proposed location.

•••• Average annual rainfall (cm) 95 •••• Maximum rain precipitation per hour (if available) 5 mm •••• Snowfall (when and cm) •••• Prevailing wind direction •••• Maximum wind speed (if available) •••• Min/Max temperature and annual average temperature (°C) •••• Nearby large bodies of water None •••• Nearby mountain ranges None nearby. •••• Nearby population centre The proposed site is near the centre of the capital area.

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•••• Industrial pollution Reykjavik city can be quite polluted at times, mainly from conventional motor traffic.

•••• Nearby weather station (indicate also distance in km and location in relation to the area surveyed) The Icelandic Meteorological Office operates one of its most important met. stations directly at the site.

•••• Person or institution that provided the meteorological report (with address, phone, fax) •••• Date of this report •••• Description of local microclimate situation •••• Please state how recent the above required data are

8. Safety

•••• Natural hazards (risk level: non existent, very low, low, medium, high, very high)

Hurricane low Tornado very low Tsunami non existent Flood very low Earthquake low Landslide very low Volcanic activity very low Animals very low Others

Description and possible countermeasures

•••• Potential safety issues depending on human activities in the surrounding area No special issues except the general possibility of vandalism. This can be met with conventional arrangements such as a security system and continuously locked premises (as is the case with the current location).

•••• Potential terrain issues (swamp, permafrost, etc.) No special issues.

9. Environmental issues (waste, noise regulations, etc. ) For any addition to or any changes to existing structures at the site – as for any site in any community in Iceland – one needs to apply for a construction permit.

10. Radiological information (not applicable for relocation)

•••• Average and seasonal range of Pb-212 airborne concentration (µBq/m3) •••• Average and seasonal range of Be-7 airborne concentration (µBq/m3)

Other natural and/or anthropogenic radionuclides •••• Average and seasonal range of Cs-137 airborne concentration (µBq/m3)

•••• Average and seasonal range of Pb-210 airborne concentration (µBq/m3)

•••• Average and seasonal range of ……… airborne concentration (µBq/m3) •••• Average and seasonal range of ……… airborne concentration (µBq/m3)

•••• Average and seasonal range of ……… airborne concentration (µBq/m3) •••• Average and seasonal range of ……… airborne concentration (µBq/m3)

•••• Nearby nuclear power plants (indicate type, distance in km and location in relation to the area surveyed)

•••• Nearby plants where radioisotopes are used or produced (specify type of plant, distance in km and location in relation to the area surveyed)

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•••• Constant and episodical anthropogenic sources of radionuclides

•••• Other potential man-made radioactive sources

•••• Elevated natural radiation sources •••• Other •••• Please state how recent the above required data are

11. Schedule and measurements (techniques, measurement protocols and results)

(not applicable for relocation)

♦ Period of the on-site survey

♦ Dose rate measurements

♦ In situ gamma spectrometry (measuring time, calculated activities for volume or surface sources, errors in 1, 2, or 3-σ)

♦ Aerosol filter measurement (measuring time, errors in 1, 2, or 3-σ)

♦ Soil/rock samples (measuring time, amount in kg, measuring geometry, dry or wet, with or without grass, errors in 1, 2, or 3-σ)

12. Observations, reasonings, discussion and recommendations for

� air flow decoupling at the site location - (not applicable for relocation)

� micro climate conditions at the site - (not applicable for relocation)

� infrastructure (existing, needed) The main necessary infrastructure is present at the site, such as electricity. A short piece of road and a base for the container need to be prepared.

� technical support (existing, needed) In Reykjavik, any general technical support is available.

� background radioactivity (natural and anthropogenic) - (not applicable for relocation) Total gamma dose rate in Iceland is low, around 40-70 nSv/h. The proposed site is no exception. The total gamma dose rate can be checked by accessing http://www.gr.is/gammastodvar/. The station named Reykjavik is located directly at the proposed site.

� communications (proposed locations of VSAT antenna, host country communication regulations, etc.) The VSAT antenna can be located on an existing mast, mounted to a wall or – which will likely be the case – on a pole beside the container.

� final evaluation (Is this location expected to fulfil the IMS station requirements ? If not, what are the suggested cost-effective actions that could be taken?) The location is very well suited for an IMS radionuclide station, especially from a meteorological point of view. All other station requirements can also be met at the proposed location with reasonable effort.

Requested annexes

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���� Local and general siting map ���� Photographs and/or videos showing the site location(s).

���� Meteorological data - (not applicable for relocation) ���� Yearly graphs of wind speed and direction, temperature, precipitation - (not applicable for relocation) ���� Meteorological data and/or meteorological report that attests that the site survey area is not

decoupled from upper airflow for a period greater than 24 hours and that this decoupling does not exceed 10 % in a week. - (not applicable for relocation)

���� Meteorological report by experts on local weather conditions (especially about the local air flow). - (not applicable for relocation)

���� Experimental raw data in a clearly specified format. This data should be supplied in electronic form (in case of gamma spectra also the background spectrum and the calibration files should be provided)

���� Yearly graphs of radionuclide concentrations in the air (see point 8), if available - (not applicable for relocation) ���� Topographic map of the region (1:25,000 to 1: 500,000), if available

���� Geological map and tectonic map, if available ���� Hazard maps (Flood, Tsunami, Hurricane, Tornado, Landslide, Earthquake, Volcanic, etc.)

but only if the hazard level is medium or higher (see point 6), if available

���� Airborne gamma spectrometry maps, if available - (not applicable for relocation)

���� List of equipment used (with technical specifications and manufacturers) during the site survey N/A

���� List of equipment used (with technical specifications and manufacturers) for analysing the filter utilised during the on-site survey and the soil/rock samples N/A

���� Log of overall daily activities during the on-site survey ���� List of the scientific and/or technical people who participated in the site survey process,

specifying during which part of it (with phone number, fax and email). During the evaluation of the site survey report and of the site evaluation these persons may be contacted for clarification, questions, etc.

���� Kjartan Guðnason, Icelandic Radiation Protection Institute

���� Hallgrímur Marinósson, janitor, Icelandic Meteorological Office. Tel. +354 522 6000, e-mail hallgrimur@vedur.is. General consultations, evaluation of electrical availability etc.

Please feel free to add any pertinent information.

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Location of proposed site relative to current site.

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Rough sketch of proposed arrangement. View toward East from Met. Office’s main building.

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Met. Office building seen from East. White rectangle indicates proposed location of station container and GCI equipment.

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Overflight aerial photograph of the Met. Office. The white rectangle indicates the proposed location of the station container and the VSAT antenna.

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Met. Office with surroundings

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Drawing showing elevation (51,5 m.a.s.) and slight slope towards South

RN34

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Computerised drawing showing LOS. No obstructions above 2-3°. South is center (VisIT 4.22 3D terrain visualization and satellite imagery software Copyright 2002: National Survey and Cadastre, Denmark, and Landmælinger Íslands).

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View to South from Met. Office

Stitched photo showing view from East to South-West from Met. Office