U.S. History

Chapter 12: A New National IdentitySection 3: The Age of Jackson

Choose a Candidate

• War hero

• Born poor

• Determined

• Common man

• Harvard educated

• Born to a prominent wealthy family

• Out of touch with people

Candidate 1 Candidate 2

Jacksonian Democracy

•Early 1800s: lawmakers extending the right to vote

•Nominating Conventions—meetings in which a political party selects its presidential & vice presidential candidates

•Allowed more voter input

Democratic Candidates

Barack Obama Hillary Clinton John Edwards

Republican Candidates

Rudy Giuliani Mike Huckabee John McCain

Ron Paul Mitt Romney Fred Thompson

Each state holds conventions to choose delegates to send to the national meeting

Democratic Candidates

Barack Obama Hillary Clinton John Edwards

Republican Candidates

Rudy Giuliani Mike Huckabee John McCain

Ron Paul Mitt Romney Fred Thompson

2008 Presidential Election

Jacksonian Democracy

•“Jacksonian Democracy”

•Limited voting rights

•Jackson: seen as man who would defend the rights of common people & slave states

Jacksonian Democracy

John Quincy Adams

National Republcians

Andrew Jackson

Democratic Party

vs.

Election of 1828

Jackson’s Victory

• Andrew Jackson:

– War hero

– Born poor

– Rose to success through hard work

Jackson’s Victory

• John Quincy Adams:

– Harvard educated

– Father had been president

– Out of touch

– “Cold as a lump of ice”

Jackson’s Victory

•Victory for the common man

•Spoils system—practice of rewarding supporters with jobs

•Kitchen cabinet—an informal group of advisers President Andrew Jackson relied on

Conflict over Tariffs

•Regional conflicts over tariffs

•North—wanted high tariffs to protect industries

•South—imported most manufactured goods

Conflict over Tariffs

•1828: Northern manufacturers pressure Congress to pass high tariffs

•“Tariff of Abominations”

•Abuse of federal power over the states

Nullification Crisis

• States’ Rights—belief that state power should be greater than federal power

• VP John C. Calhoun led the opposition

John C. Calhoun

Nullification Crisis

•Nullification—states had the right to not obey any federal law with which they disagreed

•1832: Congress passes a new tariff

•SC: declares law null and void

Nullification Crisis

• Calhoun resigns

• SC threatens to secede if troops are sent

• Jackson threatens to send troops

• Compromise reached: tariffs lowered

Second Bank of the United States

• Jackson against Bank of the United States

• States opposed the bank

• Maryland passes law taxing branches of the national bank

• James McCulloch refuses to pay taxes

Second Bank of the United States

• McCulloch v. Maryland:

– Elastic clause permitted for the Bank

– Federal law superior to state law

Old Supreme Court Chamber

Second Bank of the United States

• Bank charter due to expire in 1836

• Nicholas Biddle pushes for renewal of charter in 1832

• Jackson vetoesNicholas Biddle

Second Bank of the United States

• Not enough votes to override veto

• Transferred money to state banks

• Inflation increased

• Debt paid down

Van Buren’s Presidency

• Jackson angered members of Congress

• 1834: Jackson opponents form the Whig Party

•Whig Party—political party that supported the idea of a weak president and a strong legislature

Van Buren’s Presidency

• 1836: Whigs nominate four candidates to run against VP Martin Van Buren

• Democrat Martin Van Buren wins

Martin Van Buren

Van Buren’s Presidency

• Panic of 1837 leads to economic depression

• Result of Jackson’s policies

• Van Buren blamed and defeated in election of 1840

Van Buren’s Presidency

• William Henry Harrison and John Tyler win election of 1840

• “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

• War record and log cabin roots

William Henry Harrison