Unit I: 8000 BCE to 600 CEUnit I: 8000 BCE to 600 CEAn 8600-year journey beginning with An 8600-year journey beginning with

the transition from hunting and the transition from hunting and gathering to farming … all the way gathering to farming … all the way through the collapse of classical through the collapse of classical civilizationscivilizations

Before HistoryBefore HistoryWhat is the technical term for the What is the technical term for the “old stone age?”“old stone age?”

Before HistoryBefore History

Paleolithic SocietyPaleolithic Society

Before HistoryBefore HistoryMeaning before written historyMeaning before written history

Before HistoryBefore History

PrehistoricPrehistoric

Before HistoryBefore HistoryWhen Homo sapiens sapiens (wise When Homo sapiens sapiens (wise wise man) started to shift away from wise man) started to shift away from hunting and gathering NOMADIC LIFE hunting and gathering NOMADIC LIFE and began farming and and began farming and domesticating animals, this was domesticating animals, this was called what?called what?

Before HistoryBefore History

Neolithic transition or Neolithic transition or Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

Before HistoryBefore HistoryName the term for things human Name the term for things human beings made in the past and left in beings made in the past and left in the ground for modern researchers:the ground for modern researchers:

Fossils? Artifacts?Fossils? Artifacts?

Before HistoryBefore History

What do BC and AD What do BC and AD mean?mean?

How about BCE and CE?How about BCE and CE?

Before HistoryBefore HistoryWhen people began farming and When people began farming and domesticating animals, and a food domesticating animals, and a food surplus developed, and a rise in the surplus developed, and a rise in the population occurred, what entities population occurred, what entities came into existence that became the came into existence that became the centers for trade and the exchange centers for trade and the exchange of ideas and facilitated RELIGION, of ideas and facilitated RELIGION, WRITING AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITY WRITING AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITY too?too?

Before HistoryBefore History

CitiesCities

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaMesopotamia means “the land Mesopotamia means “the land between the rivers.” What are the between the rivers.” What are the names of the rivers?names of the rivers?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

The Tigris and EuphratesThe Tigris and Euphrates

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaSumer was a region within Sumer was a region within Mesopotamia, and Mesopotamia was Mesopotamia, and Mesopotamia was a part of what larger region that a part of what larger region that spanned southwest Asia and the spanned southwest Asia and the southeast coast of the Mediterranean southeast coast of the Mediterranean Sea? The Fertile…Sea? The Fertile…

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWho was Hammurabi, and what Who was Hammurabi, and what notable thing did he do?notable thing did he do?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

A Babylonian king who A Babylonian king who established one of the established one of the first systematic codes of first systematic codes of law put down in writing. law put down in writing. (“An eye for an eye …”)(“An eye for an eye …”)

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWhat was metallurgy, and why was it What was metallurgy, and why was it an important technological an important technological innovation?innovation?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

Metalworking, and it Metalworking, and it enabled people to enabled people to

fashion sharper, more fashion sharper, more effective tools and effective tools and

weapons.weapons.

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaName three of the most important Name three of the most important foundational inventions usually foundational inventions usually attributed to the Sumerians.attributed to the Sumerians.

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

The wheel, use of “60” The wheel, use of “60” and plowand plow

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWhat is the term for the social What is the term for the social arrangement that describes the arrangement that describes the inequality between males and inequality between males and females that emerged during the females that emerged during the neolithic transition?neolithic transition?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

PatriarchyPatriarchy

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWhat is the name of the Sumerian What is the name of the Sumerian system of writing?system of writing?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

CuneiformCuneiform

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWho were the first people to Who were the first people to establish a monotheistic belief establish a monotheistic belief system?system?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

The Hebrews – the Torah The Hebrews – the Torah for Jews is the Old for Jews is the Old

Testament for Testament for Christians!Christians!

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWhat’s the most important What’s the most important innovation – and the reason we still innovation – and the reason we still remember them to this day – of the remember them to this day – of the Phoenicians?Phoenicians?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

Alphabetic writingAlphabetic writingAlthough the Phoenicians Although the Phoenicians

disappeared, Carthage disappeared, Carthage lived!lived!

MesopotamiaMesopotamiaWhy were horses so important in Why were horses so important in Mesopotamia and other early Mesopotamia and other early civilizations?civilizations?

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

They provided a huge They provided a huge advantage over cattle, advantage over cattle,

donkeys and human power donkeys and human power when it came to when it came to

transportation and war-transportation and war-making capabilities.making capabilities.

AfricaAfricaThe earliest civilization in Africa The earliest civilization in Africa emerged along what major river emerged along what major river valley?valley?

AfricaAfrica

The NileThe Nile

AfricaAfricaWhat were the “god kings” of ancient What were the “god kings” of ancient Egypt called?Egypt called?

AfricaAfrica

PharaohsPharaohs(it means “Great House”)(it means “Great House”)

AfricaAfricaWhat was the name for the What was the name for the pictographic writing system the pictographic writing system the Egyptians developed?Egyptians developed?

AfricaAfrica

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

AfricaAfricaDid the ancient Egyptians have a Did the ancient Egyptians have a more benign or more pessimistic more benign or more pessimistic view of the afterlife than did the view of the afterlife than did the Sumerians? Why?Sumerians? Why?

AfricaAfrica

More benign … because, More benign … because, scholars believe, their scholars believe, their relationship with the relationship with the

environment was less severe environment was less severe (i.e., more predictable flooding, (i.e., more predictable flooding,

less threat from outside less threat from outside invasion, etc.)invasion, etc.)

AfricaAfricaWhat is the name for the people of What is the name for the people of sub-Saharan Africa who spoke a sub-Saharan Africa who spoke a related family of languages and related family of languages and migrated for millennia down through migrated for millennia down through the continent of Africa, spreading the continent of Africa, spreading their cultural influence?their cultural influence?

AfricaAfrica

The BantuThe Bantu

South AsiaSouth AsiaHarappan society developed on the Harappan society developed on the Indian subcontinent, in modern-day Indian subcontinent, in modern-day Pakistan, along what major river Pakistan, along what major river valley?valley?

South AsiaSouth Asia

The IndusThe Indus

South AsiaSouth AsiaWhat unique feature – at least for the What unique feature – at least for the ancient world – did Harappan ancient world – did Harappan households have?households have?

South AsiaSouth Asia

Private bathrooms with Private bathrooms with showers and toilets, showers and toilets,

which drained into a city which drained into a city sewage systemsewage system

South AsiaSouth AsiaWhy do scholars still have a lot of Why do scholars still have a lot of questions about the mysterious questions about the mysterious Harappan culture?Harappan culture?

South AsiaSouth Asia

Its writing hasn’t yet Its writing hasn’t yet been deciphered.been deciphered.

South AsiaSouth AsiaWhich band of Indo-Europeans Which band of Indo-Europeans migrated down into India through the migrated down into India through the passes of the Hindu-Kush mountains passes of the Hindu-Kush mountains by 1500 BCE?by 1500 BCE?

South AsiaSouth Asia

AryansAryans

South AsiaSouth AsiaThe Aryans brought with them – orally, The Aryans brought with them – orally, at first, in their Sanskrit language – the at first, in their Sanskrit language – the Vedas. The Vedas wereVedas. The Vedas were

a. a. really poorly built Italian cars.really poorly built Italian cars.b. b. their obnoxious cousins.their obnoxious cousins.c. c. collections of religious and literary collections of religious and literary works. works.

South AsiaSouth Asia

c.c. collections of collections of religious and literary religious and literary

works.works.(how’d you guess?)(how’d you guess?)

South AsiaSouth AsiaThe Aryan social structure rested on The Aryan social structure rested on sharp hereditary distinctions sharp hereditary distinctions between individuals and groups, between individuals and groups, according to their occupations and according to their occupations and roles in society. In India this roles in society. In India this developed into what?developed into what?

South AsiaSouth Asia

The caste systemThe caste system

East AsiaEast AsiaWhich of the following is in East Asia?Which of the following is in East Asia?

a. Masaryktowna. Masaryktownb. Indiab. Indiac. Chinac. China

East AsiaEast Asia

c. Chinac. China(Yes!)(Yes!)

empiresempiresEmpire Captials! Hard!Empire Captials! Hard!

A.A.New Kingdom EgyptNew Kingdom EgyptB.B.AssyriaAssyriaC.C.BabyloniaBabyloniaD.D.HebrewsHebrews

A. ThebesA. ThebesB. NinevehB. NinevehC. BabylonC. Babylon

D. JerusalemD. Jerusalem

East AsiaEast AsiaName the dynasty that ruled most of Name the dynasty that ruled most of northern and central China and northern and central China and lasted about 900 years, from about lasted about 900 years, from about 1122 BCE to 256 BCE.1122 BCE to 256 BCE.

East AsiaEast Asia

The Zhou dynastyThe Zhou dynasty

East AsiaEast AsiaThe chaotic closing centuries of the The chaotic closing centuries of the Zhou dynasty was known as what?Zhou dynasty was known as what?

East AsiaEast Asia

The Period of the The Period of the Warring StatesWarring States

East AsiaEast AsiaName the three major belief systems Name the three major belief systems that emerged in China during the that emerged in China during the Period of the Warring States – ideas Period of the Warring States – ideas that anchor what’s known as China’s that anchor what’s known as China’s Axial Age.Axial Age.

East AsiaEast Asia

Confucianism, Daoism Confucianism, Daoism and Legalismand Legalism

East AsiaEast AsiaWhat’s the name for the idea that a What’s the name for the idea that a Zhou ruler was the son of heaven, an Zhou ruler was the son of heaven, an especially deserving individual especially deserving individual granted the right to govern by divine granted the right to govern by divine powers?powers?

East AsiaEast Asia

The Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of Heaven

East AsiaEast AsiaThe centrality of the family in The centrality of the family in Chinese culture can be traced to the Chinese culture can be traced to the Neolithic tradition called what?Neolithic tradition called what?

East AsiaEast Asia

Veneration of ancestorsVeneration of ancestors

East AsiaEast AsiaContaining the earliest recovered Containing the earliest recovered Chinese writing, things like shoulder Chinese writing, things like shoulder blades and turtle shells were written blades and turtle shells were written on and then used by fortune-tellers on and then used by fortune-tellers to divine the answer to important to divine the answer to important questions for Chinese rulers. What questions for Chinese rulers. What were these things called?were these things called?

East AsiaEast Asia

Oracle bonesOracle bones

What ancients made wealth through What ancients made wealth through trade? trade?

MesoamericaMesoamerica

PhoeniciansPhoenicians

MesoamericaMesoamericaBIGGEST EMPIRES!BIGGEST EMPIRES!

Out of the Egyptian, Assyrian, Out of the Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian, who had the Babylonian and Persian, who had the largest one?largest one?

MesoamericaMesoamerica

The Persians!The Persians!

Who was Siddhartha Gautama?Who was Siddhartha Gautama?

The BuddhaThe Buddha

PharaohsPharaohsFirst pharaoh who united EgyptFirst pharaoh who united EgyptBuilder of the Great PyramidBuilder of the Great Pyramid

MenesMenesKhufuKhufu

Rosetta StoneRosetta StoneWhat was this stone found by French What was this stone found by French

scholars in 1799?scholars in 1799?

It allowed archeologists to It allowed archeologists to read Egyptian read Egyptian

Hieroglyphics cause it had Hieroglyphics cause it had Greek, Babylonian and Greek, Babylonian and

Egyptian translated on it!Egyptian translated on it!

PersiaPersiaWhat was a satrap?What was a satrap?

PersiaPersia

A regional governor, A regional governor, used by Persian rulers to used by Persian rulers to administer the taxation administer the taxation districts of the empiredistricts of the empire

PersiaPersiaWhat’s the name for the road system What’s the name for the road system established by the Persians to link established by the Persians to link their empire and improve their empire and improve communication?communication?

PersiaPersia

The Royal RoadThe Royal Road

PersiaPersiaWho – besides the Persians – fought Who – besides the Persians – fought in the Persian Wars?in the Persian Wars?

PersiaPersia

The GreeksThe Greeks

PersiaPersiaName the Persian religion that was Name the Persian religion that was founded by Zarathustra and later had founded by Zarathustra and later had a profound impact on Judaism, a profound impact on Judaism, Christianity and Islam.Christianity and Islam.

PersiaPersia

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism

ChinaChinaName the first Chinese emperor.Name the first Chinese emperor.

ChinaChina

Qin ShihuangdiQin Shihuangdi

ChinaChinaThe Chinese were highly concerned The Chinese were highly concerned about the Xiongnu. Who or what was about the Xiongnu. Who or what was or were the Xiongnu?or were the Xiongnu?

ChinaChina

Nomadic people from Nomadic people from the steppes of central the steppes of central

AsiaAsia

ChinaChinaHow did the Han address the How did the Han address the problem of needing thousands of problem of needing thousands of educated, competent bureaucrats to educated, competent bureaucrats to run the large, centralized Chinese run the large, centralized Chinese government?government?

ChinaChina

Han Wudi established an Han Wudi established an imperial school to educate imperial school to educate young men in a curriculum young men in a curriculum of Confucianism to prepare of Confucianism to prepare

them for government them for government service.service.

IndiaIndiaName the two classical age dynasties Name the two classical age dynasties that proved the exception to the that proved the exception to the longstanding rule of a largely longstanding rule of a largely decentralized India. decentralized India.

IndiaIndia

The Mauryan and Gupta The Mauryan and Gupta dynastiesdynasties

IndiaIndiaWhy did Ashoka erect Rock and Pillar Why did Ashoka erect Rock and Pillar Edicts?Edicts?

IndiaIndia

To promote BuddhismTo promote Buddhism

IndiaIndiaWhat religion holds that everything What religion holds that everything in the universe – humans, animals, in the universe – humans, animals, plants, the air, bodies of water … plants, the air, bodies of water … even inanimate physical objects like even inanimate physical objects like rocks – possessed a soul?rocks – possessed a soul?

IndiaIndia

JainismJainism

IndiaIndiaSiddhartha Gautama and his Siddhartha Gautama and his Buddhist followers rejected the many Buddhist followers rejected the many Hindu gods and what else about Hindu gods and what else about Indian tradition?Indian tradition?

IndiaIndia

The caste systemThe caste system

IndiaIndiaWhat demands right belief, right What demands right belief, right resolve, right speech, right behavior, resolve, right speech, right behavior, right occupation, right effort, right right occupation, right effort, right contemplation and right meditation, contemplation and right meditation, AND what are these demands meant AND what are these demands meant to accomplish?to accomplish?

IndiaIndia

Buddha’s Noble Buddha’s Noble Eightfold Path, and it’s Eightfold Path, and it’s

meant to eliminate meant to eliminate desire – the cause of desire – the cause of

sufferingsuffering

IndiaIndia

IndiaIndia

GreeceGreeceWhat society – based on the island of What society – based on the island of Crete, where bull-leaping was Crete, where bull-leaping was popular – was an early influence on popular – was an early influence on Greece? Greece?

GreeceGreece

MinoanMinoan

GreeceGreeceWhat’s the term for the basic What’s the term for the basic political institution that developed in political institution that developed in Greece – the city-state – which Greece – the city-state – which reveals why Greece did not evolve a reveals why Greece did not evolve a centralized state or empire?centralized state or empire?

GreeceGreece

The polisThe polis

GreeceGreeceWhat are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian?What are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian?

What is a Roman military unit called?What is a Roman military unit called?

What river did Rome grow up on?What river did Rome grow up on?

GreeceGreece

They were all greek They were all greek columnscolumns

A Legion- it had 6000 dudesA Legion- it had 6000 dudesTiber (not Tigris or Po!)Tiber (not Tigris or Po!)

GreeceGreece1. Explain the basic relationship 1. Explain the basic relationship among Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and among Plato, Aristotle, Socrates and Alexander.Alexander.

2. Who was the most famous Greek 2. Who was the most famous Greek writerwriter

3. Who was the father of history?3. Who was the father of history?

GreeceGreece

Socrates taught Plato, who Socrates taught Plato, who taught Aristotle, who taught taught Aristotle, who taught

AlexanderAlexander2. Sophocles --- (oedipus rex)2. Sophocles --- (oedipus rex) 3. Herodotus (Persian Wars)3. Herodotus (Persian Wars)

GreeceGreeceWhat do we call the rich cultural What do we call the rich cultural blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian influences that emerged and Indian influences that emerged in the wake of Alexander’s in the wake of Alexander’s conquests?conquests?

GreeceGreece

HellenisticHellenistic

RomeRomeWhat labor system was prevalent in What labor system was prevalent in Rome, just as it was in Greece, which Rome, just as it was in Greece, which undermines to an extent both undermines to an extent both civilizations’ cultural legacy?civilizations’ cultural legacy?

RomeRome

SlaverySlavery

- In Sparta, HELOT is a - In Sparta, HELOT is a slaveslave

RomeRomeWhat’s the difference between the What’s the difference between the Roman republic and the Roman Roman republic and the Roman empire?empire?

RomeRome

The Roman republic was the era in The Roman republic was the era in which representative democracy was which representative democracy was

practiced, and it ended in the 1practiced, and it ended in the 1stst century BCE when Julius Caesar century BCE when Julius Caesar

became the first dictator of the later became the first dictator of the later imperial empire.imperial empire.

RomeRomeFor most of the first two centuries For most of the first two centuries CE, Rome experienced a period of CE, Rome experienced a period of peace and prosperity known as peace and prosperity known as what?what?

RomeRome

The Pax RomanaThe Pax Romana

RomeRomeAt the height of its empire, Rome At the height of its empire, Rome itself had as many as 1 million itself had as many as 1 million residents. About how many people residents. About how many people lived within the empire as a whole?lived within the empire as a whole?

(Hint: The number’s approximately the same as (Hint: The number’s approximately the same as the Han population at the same time.)the Han population at the same time.)

RomeRome

About 50-60 million About 50-60 million peoplepeople

RomeRomeWhat did Roman engineers invent What did Roman engineers invent during the republican era that during the republican era that greatly aided Rome’s impressive and greatly aided Rome’s impressive and numerous construction projects?numerous construction projects?

RomeRome

ConcreteConcrete

Other important stuffOther important stuffName two important trade routes or Name two important trade routes or networks in the Foundations era.networks in the Foundations era.

Other important stuffOther important stuff

The Silk Road and the The Silk Road and the Indian Ocean Maritime Indian Ocean Maritime

SystemSystem

Other important stuffOther important stuffIdentify: Tribunes and the Gracchus Identify: Tribunes and the Gracchus

Bros.Bros.

Identify: Praetors vs. CensorsIdentify: Praetors vs. Censors

Identify: Patricians and PlebeiansIdentify: Patricians and Plebeians

Other important stuffOther important stuff

Reps. Of the PlebeiansReps. Of the Plebeians

Praetors were JudgesPraetors were Judges

The two classes: Pats upper, Plebs The two classes: Pats upper, Plebs lowerlower