UNIT 8Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CHAPTER 25The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to

other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

The Beginnings of Industrialization CASE STUDY: Industrialization

Industrialization Spreads

Reforming the Industrial World

OBJECTIVES

CORE OBJECTIVE: Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics.Objective 8.1: Explain the beginnings of the

British Industrial revolution and the inventions the furthered it.

Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization.

Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world.

Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.

Chapter 25 SECTION 1 –

The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution starts in Englandand soon spreads to other countries.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

New Ways of Working Industrial Revolution — greatly increases output of

machine-made goods; begins in Britain in1700sRevolution begins in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s

The Agricultural Revolution Paves the WayEnclosures — large farm fields enclosed by fences or

hedges Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by

village farmersSmall land farmers were forced off their land and forced to

work as tenant farmers WRITE THIS

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AGChanges

Rotating CropsCrop rotation — switching crops each year to

avoid depleting the soilLivestock breeders allow only the best to breed,

improve food supplySoon the well-fed population of Britain ballooned

and demand for goods, such as cloth, would increase

Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods

WHY BRITAIN?

Why was Britain able to Industrialize?

Industrialization — move to machine production of goods

Britain has natural resources — coal, iron, rivers, harbors Water and coal powered new machines Iron was used to construct tools, machines, buildings Rivers for inland transportation Britain also had the businesspeople to invest in these

Britain also had the needed factors of production — land, labor, capital

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Difference between a

Weaver & Spinner?

Typically, a spinner turns cotton into thread and a weaver turns thread into the finished cloth.

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

The Flying Shuttle; John Kay; 1733 Carried threads of yarn back and forth faster for the

weaver to create cloth New Problem: Spinners could not keep pace with

Weavers

Spinning Jenny; James Hargreaves; 1764 Worker can spin 8 threads at a time

Richard Arkwright invents the water frame in 1769 Factories are created on rivers to use river current to

power machines

INVENTIONS SPUR FACTORIES

Changes in the Textile Industry Weavers work faster with flying

shuttles and spinning jennies Water frame uses water power to

drive spinning wheels Power loom, spinning mule speed

up production, improve quality Factories — buildings that contain

machinery for manufacturing Cotton gin boosts American cotton

production to meet British demand https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzHD7_dWEik (Eli Whitney)

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TRANSPORTATION

Watt’s Steam Engine Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton Boulton an entrepreneur — organizes, manages, takes business risks

Water TransportationRobert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807 England’s water transport improved by system of canals

Road Transportation British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads

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THE RAILWAY AGE

Steam-Driven Locomotives In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLJaboxC3Do

In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line

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Transportation

Revolution

The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as best locomotive (1829)

Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to

cities

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Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?

(A) Iron

(B) Rivers

(C) Capital

(D) Coal

Which of these is Not a factor of production?

(A) Harbors

(B) Land

(C) Labor

(D) Capital

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization?

(A) Iron

(B) Rivers

(C) Capital

(D) Coal

Which of these is Not a factor of production?

(A) Harbors

(B) Land

(C) Labor

(D) Capital

Vocabulary Assessment

Urbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines

(B) Immigration from one country to another

(C) Business growth through new inventions

(D) Movement of people to cities

An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.

(A) Capitalism

(B) Communism

(C) Socialism

(D) Feudalism

Vocabulary Assessment

Urbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines

(B) Immigration from one country to another

(C) Business growth through new inventions

(D) Movement of people to cities

An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally.

(A) Capitalism

(B) Communism

(C) Socialism

(D) Feudalism