Post on 18-Jan-2016
Unit 6 - LearningModule 26
Learning• Process of acquiring
new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
Behaviorism and the Behaviorists• Psychology should
only include the investigation of observable and measurable behaviors.
Classical Conditioning
• A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural and a neutral stimulus
• Easy Button
Stimulus and Response• Stimulus• Anything that causes a
reaction
• Response• Any reaction that is
voluntary or involuntary
Ivan Pavlov• Russian• Study dogs digestive
system• 1904 Nobel Prize –
learning by association• Classical conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus
• (UCS)• Stimulus that automatically elicits a response
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Dog food
• Easy button• Air gun
Unconditioned Response
• (UCR)• An automatic response to a particular natural
stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Salivation
• Easy button• Flinch
Neutral Stimulus
• (NS)• Any stimulus that produces no conditioned
response prior to learning
• Pavlov’s experiment• Bell
• Easy button• Easy button
Conditioned Stimulus
• (CS)• Previous neutral stimulus that has been
associated with a natural stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Bell
• Easy button• Easy button
Conditioned Response
• (CR)• Learned reaction caused by a conditioned
stimulus (CS) that is the same or similar to the unconditioned response (UR)
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Salivation
• Easy Button• Flinch
Let’s Practice
• Every time someone flushes a toilet in a health club locker room, the nearby shower becomes hot. The sudden stream of hot water causes the person taking a nearby shower to jump back. Over time, the person hears the flush and then automatically jumps back before the water temperature changes.
AP Psych Scores 2015Score National Illinois5 20% 27%
4 26% 28%
3 20% 18%
2 13% 11%
1 21% 17%
3 or 66% 73%
Important!!!!
• Classical Conditioning• Associating a new stimulus with a stimulus that
automatically and involuntarily brings about the response• Must be involuntary response• Heartbeat• Breathing• Sweating• Sadness• Fear
Here’s Another…• A song is played frequently when Colette is out
with her boyfriend whom she loves. Now when she hears the song, it causes her to have positive emotions.• UCS:• UCR:• NS:• CS:• CR:
Other Key Ideas• Acquisition• Initial learning
• Generalization• Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus
also elicit the conditioned response• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to any similar song (CS).
• Discrimination• Ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to only the specific song (CS)
Other Key Ideas• Extinction• When the conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer causes
a conditioned response (CR).• Colette no longer responds with positive emotions to
specific song because they have been broken up for several months.
• Spontaneous Recovery• The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned
response (CR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS) after a delay.• Colette hears the song a year later and has positive
emotions.
Other Key Ideas
• Reconditioning• After extinction, the rapid relearning of a CR
because of the CS being paired with the UCS again.• Illustrates that extinction involves weakening
and not the complete elimination of the CR
John Watson• Father of American
Behaviorism• Classical conditioning
to create a learned response of fear• Little Albert
Experiment• Generalization• video
Counterconditioning
• Mary Cover Jones• Behavior therapy – behavior modification• Remove fear• UCS that create involuntary feelings of pleasant
emotions are paired with the anxiety-producing object until it is no longer produces fear
• Classical Conditioning song