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Unit 6 - Learning Module 26. Learning Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information...
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Transcript of Unit 6 - Learning Module 26. Learning Process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information...
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Unit 6 - LearningModule 26
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Learning• Process of acquiring
new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
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Behaviorism and the Behaviorists• Psychology should
only include the investigation of observable and measurable behaviors.
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Classical Conditioning
• A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural and a neutral stimulus
• Easy Button
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Stimulus and Response• Stimulus• Anything that causes a
reaction
• Response• Any reaction that is
voluntary or involuntary
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Ivan Pavlov• Russian• Study dogs digestive
system• 1904 Nobel Prize –
learning by association• Classical conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus
• (UCS)• Stimulus that automatically elicits a response
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Dog food
• Easy button• Air gun
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Unconditioned Response
• (UCR)• An automatic response to a particular natural
stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Salivation
• Easy button• Flinch
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Neutral Stimulus
• (NS)• Any stimulus that produces no conditioned
response prior to learning
• Pavlov’s experiment• Bell
• Easy button• Easy button
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Conditioned Stimulus
• (CS)• Previous neutral stimulus that has been
associated with a natural stimulus
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Bell
• Easy button• Easy button
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Conditioned Response
• (CR)• Learned reaction caused by a conditioned
stimulus (CS) that is the same or similar to the unconditioned response (UR)
• Pavlov’s Experiment• Salivation
• Easy Button• Flinch
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Let’s Practice
• Every time someone flushes a toilet in a health club locker room, the nearby shower becomes hot. The sudden stream of hot water causes the person taking a nearby shower to jump back. Over time, the person hears the flush and then automatically jumps back before the water temperature changes.
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AP Psych Scores 2015Score National Illinois5 20% 27%
4 26% 28%
3 20% 18%
2 13% 11%
1 21% 17%
3 or 66% 73%
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Important!!!!
• Classical Conditioning• Associating a new stimulus with a stimulus that
automatically and involuntarily brings about the response• Must be involuntary response• Heartbeat• Breathing• Sweating• Sadness• Fear
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Here’s Another…• A song is played frequently when Colette is out
with her boyfriend whom she loves. Now when she hears the song, it causes her to have positive emotions.• UCS:• UCR:• NS:• CS:• CR:
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Other Key Ideas• Acquisition• Initial learning
• Generalization• Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus
also elicit the conditioned response• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to any similar song (CS).
• Discrimination• Ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli• Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when
listening to only the specific song (CS)
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Other Key Ideas• Extinction• When the conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer causes
a conditioned response (CR).• Colette no longer responds with positive emotions to
specific song because they have been broken up for several months.
• Spontaneous Recovery• The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned
response (CR) to the conditioned stimulus (CS) after a delay.• Colette hears the song a year later and has positive
emotions.
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Other Key Ideas
• Reconditioning• After extinction, the rapid relearning of a CR
because of the CS being paired with the UCS again.• Illustrates that extinction involves weakening
and not the complete elimination of the CR
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John Watson• Father of American
Behaviorism• Classical conditioning
to create a learned response of fear• Little Albert
Experiment• Generalization• video
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Counterconditioning
• Mary Cover Jones• Behavior therapy – behavior modification• Remove fear• UCS that create involuntary feelings of pleasant
emotions are paired with the anxiety-producing object until it is no longer produces fear
• Classical Conditioning song