Unit 2 Lesson 5Roots of Imperialism

11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world

power in the 20th century

Vocab

1. Imperialism2. Extractive economy3. Alfred T Mahan4. Social Darwinism5. Frederick J. Turner6. Matthew Perry7. Queen Liliuokalani

8. Jose Marti9. William Randolph Hearst10. Yellow Press11. Jingoism12. Rough Riders13. Treaty of Paris

Focus Question 1

• Examine the effects of American Imperialism in the Pacific and South America.

FOCUS QUESTION 2

• Examine the causes of Imperialism. • What are the benefits to imperialism? What

are the negative consequences?• GIVE EXAMPLES AND BE SPECIFIC!!!

Focus Question 3

• What did the Panama Canal connect? Why was it built?

• What did the American Government do when the Columbian Government told them they could not build a canal?

FOCUS QUESTION 4

• Compare and Contrast Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy to the Roosevelt Corollary.

Americans Late to the Game

What was left over from European Imperialism Americans could go after?Policy which strong nations extended their political, military, and economic control over weaker territoriesWhat to they want?

Raw materials and natural resourcesTea, rubber, iron, petroleumnew markets

Causes1. U.S. Policy makers believe the United States needed new

markets for its goods2. White Man’s Burden– the U. S. had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less

civilized peoples.– Spreading Christianity

3. Social Darwinism– strong nations were destined by natural law to dominate weak

ones.

4. Increased sea power– The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Alfred Mahan– a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation, and

colonies would serve as bases for such a navy.

New Markets

• US did not have a shortage of natural resources

• Had a abundance of goods• Needed NEW MARKETS

Key to American success

Alfred T. Mahan– Americans had to become a naval power like

England– The greatest nations/ societies had powerful

navies– 1900 U.S. had the most powerful navy in the

world

Imperialists and Social Darwinism

• Imperialists around the world justified imperialism by asserting that they were socially, nationally, racially and culturally superior than other people.

• Social Darwinism: pple believed that superior races were destined to rule over inferior peoples and cultures

Steps to a world power

1. Pacific• Matthew Perry sailed to Japan• Impressed Japan opened ports to US

• 1867 Midway Islands• 1875 and 1887 Treaties increased trade with

Hawaii• Gave right to build Naval Base: Pearl Harbor

2. Seward Purchases Alaska (1867)– Bought from Russia for 7.2 million– “Seward’s Folly

3. Latin America– Business men: natural place for trade and

investments– Pan American Highway system

Theodore RooseveltAssistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration.Imperialist and American nationalist.Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

The Spanish American War

• Monroe Doctrine –Europe keep out of N. America• A splendid Little War• Yellow Journalism• U.S.S.Maine • San Juan Hill• Rough Riders

First comes business…

• Hawaii– Americans est. sugar cane plantations– 1887 American planters convinced the king to

change Hawaii’s constitutions so that voting rights were limited to only wealthy land owners… white American planters

• 1890s– New tariffs on duty free sugar– 1891 Queen Liliuokalani

U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii1875 – Reciprocity

Treaty1890 – McKinley Tariff1893 – Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani.Sanford Ballard Dole

proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

Then comes conquest

• 1893 planters overthrew the queen• US Minister to Hawaii ordered Marines to over

throw the rebel forces and seize power• President Harrison then asked to annex

Hawaii, but senate did not approve before next election

• Grover Cleveland ordered an investigation

• CA business wanted Hawaii• CA had close ties with planters• 1897 new president• William McKinley favored annexation• 1898 after Spanish-American War Congress

proclaimed Hawaii an official US territory

Big Stick Diplomacy

• Teddy Roosevelt (Rough Rider who became President)– Roosevelt Corollary• Added to the Monroe Doctrine• “Policeman of the Western

Hemisphere”• Intervene in the internal affairs of

Latin America

The Roosevelt Corollary to the

Monroe Doctrine: 1905

Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

Big Stick Diplomacy Con’t• Protect United States interests

in the Caribbean region• The US could use force to

prevent Europe from interfering in the Western Hemisphere

Panama Canal Con’t

• Teddy Roosevelt– ”I took the Canal and let Congress debate.”

– Theodore Roosevelt• a Presidential action that achieved a foreign

policy objective• Opposition– they opposed Roosevelt’s involvement in

the Panamanian “revolution”

The Open Door PolicySecretary John Hay.Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

Dollar Diplomacy• William Taft– “Dollar Diplomacy” supplanted

the “Big Stick Diplomacy” – It supported a policy of giving

financial assistance to Latin American countries in order to make them our allies

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”

Improve financialopportunities for American businesses.Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas.Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

Dollar Diplomacy Con’t– “Substitution dollars for

bullets”• Using foreign policy to protect

Wall Street dollars invested abroad (esp. Far East/China)

Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908A Japanese note agreeing

to deny passports tolaborers entering the U.S.Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsissued by other countries.The U.S. government got theschool board of San Francisco to rescind their order tosegregate Asians in separateschools.

Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912

Senator Henry CabotLodge, Sr.Non-European powers,like Japan, would beexcluded from owningterritory in the WesternHemisphere.

America as a Pacific Power

The Cares of a Growing Family

Constable of the World

The Great White Fleet: 1907

The Mexican Revolution: 1910sVictoriano Huerta seizes control of

Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he was murdered.Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”The U. S. should

be the conscienceof the world.

Spread democracy.

Promote peace.

Condemn colonialism.

Moral Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson• A policy that made the US the

conscience of the world• He hoped to – Spread democracy– Condemn colonialism– Promote peace.

Moral Diplomacy cont’• Hated imperialism –He eventually invaded more countries

in Latin America than any other president in U.S. history •Nicaragua •Haiti •Dominican Republic

–To protect U.S. lives and property in those countries

Moral Diplomacy cont’•Mexican Revolution–Intervened with the U.S. military•Supported democracy in Mexico•Attempt to capture Pancho Villa