Unit 2 – Cells & SystemsTopic – 1 Living Things & Structures

A little background!

• One of the 1st people to explore the internal workings of the body was Galen (129-216AD)

• How did he do this?• He was the doctor to Gladiators

• Gladiator = fight to the death• Survivors often seriously wounded• He could see internal workings in a live person!

A little background!

• So what did he observe?• Thought nerves were

hollow tubes • Flowing with “life force”

• Thought the liver was the bodies heater• Also very important because

it had lots of tubes

We are all alike!

• About 1.75 million diff living things on earth• Microscopic Massive• Being living however we all share similar characteristics• All parts working together = living!

• So what makes us “living” …?

We are all alike!

• - Made up of cells• - Need energy • - Grow & Develop• - Respond to Environment• - Reproduce• - Adaptation to Environment

• Key part is …• All living things have all 6

while non-living things can have some but not all

Mini Activity

Write these down …

Hair Fish Bicycle Carrot Air Baseball

TV Moss Mushroom Seeds

Living Non- Living

Seems easy but is a point of

controversy!

Cells!

• The basic unit of life!• Can perform all the processes life depends on!• All organisms made up of 1 cell minimum• All cells come from other cells

Cell! Cont …

• Are there cells in non-living things?• What about a cork?

Energy!

• Everything you do requires energy!• What did you do today that required energy?

• Energy: the ability to make things move or change!

• Plants vs. Animals = energy different ways!• Plants = • Animals =

• Nutrients: substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop and reproduce

Sun to make own food

Environment around them

Energy! Cont …

• Cells have many different chemical processes• Some use energy & some create

• It needs to be balanced in order for an organism to stay alive

• Metabolism: the sum (+) of all the diff. processes that happen in an organism

• Is a high metabolism good or bad?

Responding to Environment!

• Let’s say I see you sleeping in class … • *cough* LANDON! *cough*

• As his teacher I’m sad • Then I’m mad

• I decide to hit Landon with my car after school

• I wait patiently …

Reaction to Environment! Cont…

Stimulus: anything that causes a response in an organism!

Reaction to Environment! Cont…

Stimulus

Response

Growth & Development

• Growth is not exclusively size … it can also be structure • Seed growing?

• So when we hit a certain point do we stop growing?• Nope! Living things are constantly in a state of repair.

Growth & Development

• Some species also under physical/structural changes…

Reproduction

• All living things come from living things Reproduction

• Interesting Fact!• Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive but

for the survival of their specific organism/species!

Adaptations

• As you learned in Grade 7 science … • Adaptations allow organisms to live, and survive, in their

respective environments

• Examples…??

Microscopes!

Time for a Game …

Chalk

• What is this?

Coarse Salt

• What is this?

Orange Juice

• What is this?

Snow Flakes

• What is this?

Your Pillow!

• What is this?

Solitary Bee Larva

• What is this?

Your Tounge

• What is this?

Plaque

• What is this?

Squid Suction Cups

• What is this?

Eyelashes

• What is this?

Cells!

• Smallest known functioning units of life• Rarely work alone = team!

• Tissue: Cells with similar structure and function

• Organs: Tissues that work together for a common purpose

A flow-chart representation!

Cell Flow-Chart

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

• Organ Systems: Group of organs that work together for a common purpose in order to keep you alive

Structure & Function

Structure & Function

• All living things have to do certain things to keep themselves alive• Gathering Food• Exchanging Gases • Movement

• Living things have developed different body parts (structures) to do them

• Each structure is used for a specific function (carry out task)

Structure & Function

• Example…• Spiracles • Holes on the sides of certain insects abdomens • Adjust open/close for air intake

Structure & Function

• Some variations are widely different: gills, wings, long arms, giant tongues, etc …

• Some are subtle in the same species, specifically seen a lot on island!

• Most famous islands for this?• Galapagos Island

Charles Darwin

• While on the Voyage of the Beagle they encountered the Galapagos Island

• The main expedition was to survey (hydrographic survey) areas as Darwin was a geologist and loved to theorize!

• Came to Galapagos and discovered unique species • Theorized his famous Darwin Theory of Evolution &

Survival of the Fittest & Natural Selection

Cells!!

• Cells … here we come!