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Unit 2 – Cells & Systems Topic – 1 Living Things & Structures.
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Transcript of Unit 2 – Cells & Systems Topic – 1 Living Things & Structures.
Unit 2 – Cells & SystemsTopic – 1 Living Things & Structures
A little background!
• One of the 1st people to explore the internal workings of the body was Galen (129-216AD)
• How did he do this?• He was the doctor to Gladiators
• Gladiator = fight to the death• Survivors often seriously wounded• He could see internal workings in a live person!
A little background!
• So what did he observe?• Thought nerves were
hollow tubes • Flowing with “life force”
• Thought the liver was the bodies heater• Also very important because
it had lots of tubes
We are all alike!
• About 1.75 million diff living things on earth• Microscopic Massive• Being living however we all share similar characteristics• All parts working together = living!
• So what makes us “living” …?
We are all alike!
• - Made up of cells• - Need energy • - Grow & Develop• - Respond to Environment• - Reproduce• - Adaptation to Environment
• Key part is …• All living things have all 6
while non-living things can have some but not all
Mini Activity
Write these down …
Hair Fish Bicycle Carrot Air Baseball
TV Moss Mushroom Seeds
Living Non- Living
Seems easy but is a point of
controversy!
Cells!
• The basic unit of life!• Can perform all the processes life depends on!• All organisms made up of 1 cell minimum• All cells come from other cells
Cell! Cont …
• Are there cells in non-living things?• What about a cork?
Energy!
• Everything you do requires energy!• What did you do today that required energy?
• Energy: the ability to make things move or change!
• Plants vs. Animals = energy different ways!• Plants = • Animals =
• Nutrients: substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop and reproduce
Sun to make own food
Environment around them
Energy! Cont …
• Cells have many different chemical processes• Some use energy & some create
• It needs to be balanced in order for an organism to stay alive
• Metabolism: the sum (+) of all the diff. processes that happen in an organism
• Is a high metabolism good or bad?
Responding to Environment!
• Let’s say I see you sleeping in class … • *cough* LANDON! *cough*
• As his teacher I’m sad • Then I’m mad
• I decide to hit Landon with my car after school
• I wait patiently …
Reaction to Environment! Cont…
Stimulus: anything that causes a response in an organism!
Reaction to Environment! Cont…
Stimulus
Response
Growth & Development
• Growth is not exclusively size … it can also be structure • Seed growing?
• So when we hit a certain point do we stop growing?• Nope! Living things are constantly in a state of repair.
Growth & Development
• Some species also under physical/structural changes…
Reproduction
• All living things come from living things Reproduction
• Interesting Fact!• Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive but
for the survival of their specific organism/species!
Adaptations
• As you learned in Grade 7 science … • Adaptations allow organisms to live, and survive, in their
respective environments
• Examples…??
Microscopes!
Time for a Game …
Chalk
• What is this?
Coarse Salt
• What is this?
Orange Juice
• What is this?
Snow Flakes
• What is this?
Your Pillow!
• What is this?
Solitary Bee Larva
• What is this?
Your Tounge
• What is this?
Plaque
• What is this?
Squid Suction Cups
• What is this?
Eyelashes
• What is this?
Cells!
• Smallest known functioning units of life• Rarely work alone = team!
• Tissue: Cells with similar structure and function
• Organs: Tissues that work together for a common purpose
A flow-chart representation!
Cell Flow-Chart
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
• Organ Systems: Group of organs that work together for a common purpose in order to keep you alive
Structure & Function
Structure & Function
• All living things have to do certain things to keep themselves alive• Gathering Food• Exchanging Gases • Movement
• Living things have developed different body parts (structures) to do them
• Each structure is used for a specific function (carry out task)
Structure & Function
• Example…• Spiracles • Holes on the sides of certain insects abdomens • Adjust open/close for air intake
Structure & Function
• Some variations are widely different: gills, wings, long arms, giant tongues, etc …
• Some are subtle in the same species, specifically seen a lot on island!
• Most famous islands for this?• Galapagos Island
Charles Darwin
• While on the Voyage of the Beagle they encountered the Galapagos Island
• The main expedition was to survey (hydrographic survey) areas as Darwin was a geologist and loved to theorize!
• Came to Galapagos and discovered unique species • Theorized his famous Darwin Theory of Evolution &
Survival of the Fittest & Natural Selection
Cells!!
• Cells … here we come!