General BusinessUnit 2 – Business Operations

Chapter 7Manager As Leader

Text BookPg. 86

Computer Solutions for DisabilitiesPg. 87

Focus on Real Life

LeadershipAbility to influence individuals &

groups to accomplish important goalsPeople may be the most important

resourceExpensive to hire, train & pay

Usually highest expense for company

Human RelationsWay people get along with each

otherManager is effective if:

Get employees to work togetherGoals of company accomplished

Leadership CharacteristicsUnderstandingInitiativeDependabilityJudgmentObjectivityConfidence

StabilityCooperationHonestyCourageCommunicationsIntelligence

Managers & LeadersMust work well with people

More than ½ time spent interactingEmployees, customers, other business people & managers

Human relation skills determine success

Manager SkillsSelf understandingUnderstanding othersCommunicationsTeam building

Self UnderstandingUnderstand own strengths &

weaknessesHow you make decisionsHow you get along with othersCan’t be unfair or unpredictable

Understanding OthersNotice similarities of people

Rather than focus on differencesKnow each persons:

Strengths & weaknessesSkills & abilities

CommunicationsUnderstandable wordsMeaningful to receiverSpecificGood listenerRespectful

CommunicationsFormal

Established & approved by companyLetters, memos, e-mails

InformalCommon, but unofficial

Chatting at lunch

CommunicationsInternal

Managers, employees, work groupsExternal

Employees to customersCompany to suppliersCompany to company

CommunicationsVertical

Up or down in companyManager to employee

HorizontalAcross same level

Manager to manager

CommunicationsOral

Word of mouthWritten

Letters, memos, reports, e-mailsBody Language

Shows interest or locks out another

Team BuildingHelp employees get along

Understand each otherUnderstand responsibilitiesCombine skills

Identify problemsSolve quickly

Job SatisfactionSkills usedInteresting jobsIncome & benefitsManager who supportsManager who problem solves

Job DissatisfactionBoring job

Doesn’t use skills or fulfillPoor working conditionsIneffective communicationLack of positive recognition

Class WorkCW 7-1

Groups of 2-3Check if doneReview in class

Influencing PeoplePosition InfluenceReward InfluenceExpert InfluenceIdentity Influence

Position InfluenceAbility to get others to accomplish

tasks due to position heldInfluences pay raises, promotions,

job rating

Reward InfluenceAbility to give or withhold

rewardsMoney, recognition, praise (good)Forced overtime, criticizing (bad)

Expert InfluenceSpecial expertise or knowledge

Manager who is/was top salespersonNew salesperson looks up to manager

Identity InfluencePersonal trust & respect

Well liked, looks out for groups best interest

Work BookPg. 34

Applying Information Skills

Best ManagerDevelops expert & identity

influence skillsEmployees will do minimal work if:

Manager uses position & reward onlyEmployees don’t trust or like manager

Formal/Informal InfluenceFormal

Elected officialManager

InformalSelf appointed leaderWell liked employee

Leadership StyleWay manager treats & directs

employeesBased on urgencyConfidence in employees

Tactical ManagementManager is directive & controlling

Makes decisionClosely watches employees

Used in crisis – deadline approachingNew employeesLack of experience in group

Strategic ManagementLeadership style where managers:

Less directiveInvolve employees in decision

makingSeek employee advice

Trust employees to do job

When to Use…Tactical

Part time employeesUn motivated

employeesTime pressureNew task w/

inexperienced workersEmployees don’t what

decision making resp.

StrategicSkilled/experienced

employeesRoutine workEmployees enjoy work Improve group

relationships EmployeesEmployees want

responsibility

Mixed ManagementCombined use of:

Tactical managementStrategic management

Depending on employee/situation

Labor UnionEarly 20th century

Employers treated employees poorlyEmployees banded together to

form labor unionsNegotiated wages, benefits &

working conditions

Labor UnionsEffective because they represent

large #’s of employeesPopularity peaked in 40’s & 50’s

More than 33% labor force belongedLess than 15% belong today

Labor UnionsStrong union memberships:

Police & firefightersGovernment employeesTransportationConstruction

Labor UnionsResolve conflicts between

employees & managementCollective bargaining

Agreement reachedWritten labor contract signed

Federal & state laws regulate relationship

Movie TimeNorma Rae

CW 7-2

Book TimePg. 94

Ethical PerspectivesBribery & Gift Giving

Answer 2 ?’sReview in class

QuizQuiz 7-1

Book TimePg. 99

Global NavigatorInternational Trade Intermediaries

Work BookStudy Guide – pgs. 31-32

Groups 2-3Turn in one S.G.

Review in class

The EndChapter 7