U-Learning: Educating a Mobile Generation

Steve Wheeler

Faculty of Education

University of Plymouth

Digital Shift

‘Our students have changed radically. Today’s students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach (Marc Prensky, 2001)

Digital Shift

By the time they reach 21 most young people in the UK will have:

• Sent over 200,000 text messages• Played 10,000 hours of videogames• Watched over 20,000 hours of TV• Talked 10,000 hours on mobile phones• Seen over 500,000 TV adverts• Spent less than 5,000 hours reading

Source: Prensky, 2001: The above figures are well out of date!

Txt Example A

N E WAY 2 GET THE COOLSTUFF AT THE SIDE GO 2 FORMAT AND THEN STATIONARY THERES LOADS OF WICKED 1S YES I DID NO ‘BOUT ANDYS DAD TEACHIN U………………HM.                                     33333                               { 0          0 }                                       2                                    _ _ _ _

Txt Example BJASON:Urite its Jason from the comon.How r u? Wot u bin up 2 2day? Tb luv JasonMANA:Oh,hi!Im great thanx,u?Not alot,my day was ok,nothing special.how was urs?REPLY:Yeah same.was ok.what did u get up 2 after da party?where did u go?MANA:erm went sumwhere else 2 meet sum of my friends but we wer rele late so they had gone so then we jus went back 2 my mates house n stayed there.u?REPLY:  Went 2 a pub 4 a bit…lol

Txt Example C

My smmrhols wr CWOT, B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & 3:- @ kds FTF, ILNY, it’s a gr8 plc.Bt my Ps wr so (:-/ BC o 9/11 tht they dcdd 2 stay in SCO & spnd 2 wkd up N.

Up N, WUCIWUG – 0. I ws vvv brd in Mon. 0 bt baas & ^^^^^^.AAR8, my Ps wr - they sd ICBW, & tht they wr ha-p 4 the pc&qt…IDTS!! I wntd 2 go hm ASAP, 2C my m8s again.2day, I cam bk 2 skool. I feel v O BC I hv dn all my hm wrk. Now it’s BAU

Household Devices (UK)

Source: National Statistics Office: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/

Household Devices (96-06)

Source: National Statistics Office: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/

Mobile Phone Ownership (UK)

Source: National Statistics Office: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/

0

20

40

60

80

100

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75 andover

All adultsaged 15and over

2001

2003

Global Mobile Users = 2 billion

Analogue Users = 34 million

US Mobile users =160 million

Total European users = 342.43 million

Total African users = 83 million

Total 3G users = 130 million

Top Mobile Country China (300 million)

Global monthly SMS: 36 per user

SMS Sent Globally: 235 billion

Source: http://www.cellular.co.za/stats/stats-europe.htm

Mobile phone use 2006

Paradigm Shift

Should we translate traditional learning environments into digital format, or should there be a complete reworking of our ideas about education and training?

Analogues

Progression of the Digital Age

Increasing Proficiency

Analogues

Digital Immigrants

Progression of the Digital Age

Increasing Proficiency

Analogues

Digital Immigrants

Digital Natives

Progression of the Digital Age

Increasing Proficiency

Source: Prensky, (2001)

Digital Natives …

• Video games• MTV• Hypertext and hypermedia• Music downloads• Laptop library access• Mobile phone connectivity• Instant messaging• ‘Twitch speed’

Which are you?

A Digital Divide• Digital Immigrants find it hard to

believe their students can learn successfully while watching TV or listening to music, because they (the Immigrants) can’t.

• Digital Natives think randomly, are able to multi-task, and concentrate in shorter and more intensive bursts.

• Natives are always ‘on the move’

Natives Immigrants Analogues

Look for information on the internet first

They look for information in traditional media, thenthe internet

‘Next thing you’re going to tell me is that all thecomputers in the world are connected by some sort of ‘super highway’!’

Natives Immigrants Analogues

Start using all software without reading the manual.

They assume the software will intuitively teach them.

Have to ‘educate themselves’ before attemptingto use new software.

And they find the whole thing rather annoying.

‘Yeah I like soft wear. All my clothes are made of cotton.’

Natives

Click once on a web hyperlink.

Read email from screen.

‘Hi.. Check out this cool site: www.coolsite.com’

Natives Immigrants

Click once on a web hyperlink.

Double-click web hyper links.

Read email from screen.

Print out emails and read them on paper.

‘Hi.. Check out this cool site: www.coolsite.com’

‘Hello? Bill here. Do you have a minute? Come to my office right now. You’ve got to see this web site!’

Natives Immigrants Analogues

Click once on a web hyperlink.

Double-click web hyper links.

‘Hyper-kids can be so annoying!’

Read email from screen.

Print out emails and read them on paper.

‘My secretary handles this email thing’

‘Hi.. Check out this cool site: www.coolsite.com’

‘Hello? Bill here. Do you have a minute? Come to my office right now. You’ve got to see this web site!’

‘Can you send someone to clean those spider webs from the ceiling of my office?’

Mobile Devicesfor U-Learning

• Personal Digital Assistants, or PDAs, are probably the most common type of mobile technology in education.

• Tablet PCs are currently the most versatile form of mobile technology because they combine the functionality of a laptop and a PDA.

• With technological advances and steadily decreasing cost, mobile phones are emerging as a viable option for mobile learning.

A Prediction

The mobile phone will become the dominant handheld device for mobile learning in the next 5 years.

Convergence

Video Radio/Alarm Internet

e-Mail

Music Composer

Camera

Desk Dairy

SMS/Text

MP3 Audio

Television

Interaction in U-Learning

Source: Moore (1989) American Journal of Distance Education

Interaction with Content

Interaction with Learners

Interaction with TutorsD

ecre

asin

g D

epen

denc

y

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Tutors can store learningobjects and menus in XHTMLso that students can access them through WAP on mobile devices

Source: ELearn Magazine, www.elearnmag.org

Moblogging

Moblogging is the practice of being able to update an online journal (or “web log” - “blog”) using a mobile device.

Source: http://mlearning.edublogs.org/tag/mobile-phone/moblogging/

Discussion

• Are there areas of your own teaching in which mobile (u)learning could play a part?

• If yes, what would you need to know in order to implement it?

• If not, why not? (Identify reasons mobile learning might be inappropriate or unusable)

The Future?

Wearable ComputersUniversity of OregonSource:www.cs.uoregon.edu

Digital PaperA CPU and touch screenOn digital paper (MIT)Source: fireflywiki.org

The Future?

Intelligent Agents

Context AwarenessComputer reacts to Different or personalsituations

Intelligent AgentComputer assists users and will act on their behalf

Useful ResourcesLearning Light e-Learning Centre (Mobile & Wireless Learning Projects)

http://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/Resources/mlearning.htm

Educause Review Going Nomadic: Mobile Learning in Higher Education

http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0451.asp?bhcp=1

Glasgow Caledonian University: Mobile Learning Examples

http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0451.asp?bhcp=1

Futurelab Report 11: Literature Review in Mobile Technologies and Learning

http://www.futurelab.org.uk/research/reviews/reviews_11_and12/11_02.htm

Learning with Mobile Devices: Conference Proceedings

http://www.lsda.org.uk/files/pdf/1440.pdf

Thanks for Listening

W: www2.plymouth.ac.uk/distancelearning

E: swheeler@plymouth.ac.uk

B: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com