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brought nature of location had changed so impact was increased. WHAT COUNTS IS THE
LOCALITY AT TIME OF LITIGATION, NOT HISTORICAL USE OF AREA.
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considerable period of time.
Munroe v Dairy: ONE NIGHTS LOST SLEEP CAN BE ACTIONABLE
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:3#$"*;$6362 W%*%-"2c this is where the court is satisfied that the parties to the litigation have misused
the court processes. frivolous or vexatious litigation.
g_"*;&%)? W%*%-"2can get these at common law but not under the defamation act of 2005. These are
intended to PUNISH the tortfeasor. Egregious/contumelious behaviour. This kind of conduct will not be
tolerated, will be severely punished. Cotogono v Lamb: the plaintiff was a process erver was trying to serve
process on the defendant. Didnt want to talk to the server/ be served. Hoped in his car and ran away. Ran over
him didnt stop. Such outrageious behaviour that it warranted an award of exemplary damages.
E--)%X%$"0 0%*%-"2typically awarded in defamation actions, this is where the defendants behaviour or
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received for the defamation.
Eg: SA CASE Bob Gilbert case: used car salesman, channel 7 had a vendetta aginst him. In one of his programs
they sunk their boots inot bob and defamed him. He was incnsed. Disputed the allegatsion tried to contact
channel 7. They had not interest in hearing his side fo the story and had no interest hearing it. Info was false.
Court was satisfied that channel 7 had breached the rules of natural justice, by not listening to him.
:3*;"#2%$3)? W%*%-"2Resitutio in intergrum: principle of putting the plaintiff back where they would
have been court asks what level of damages would be award if the tortious conduct had not occurred or casued
injury
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