Post on 29-Mar-2018
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Topic: The Middle Ages Europe EQ: What were the characteristics of the Byzantine
Empire?
Byzantine Empire - 330 A.D. to 1453 A.D.
- Europe divides east/west
- Eastern part = Byzantine Empire
- Emperor Constantine moves capital to the East
- Constantinople = capital city, largest city during Middle
Ages
- New center for Christian authority
- Trading center for spice, silk, jewelry, furs, wheat,
honey
Reasons for the survival of the Byzantine Empire
- Benefited from a rich infusion of Greek, Roman,
Christian, and Middle Eastern cultures,
- Located between Europe and Asia = center of trade
and great wealth
- Powerful emperor with a strong central administration
and a single set of laws
- Taxed merchants and peasants to support a large
standing army
Emperor Justinian
- Had absolute power
- Believed to have been chosen by God
- Creates Justinian’s Code (529 AD)
- A preservation of Roman law in writing
- Byzantine great accomplishment
- Influenced Roman laws
- Greater rights and privileges for women
- Required all to belong to the Eastern Orthodox Christian
faith
Emperor Justinian collected
all of the existing Roman laws
and organized them into a
single code – listing all the
laws and opinions on each
subject
ILLUSTRATION
EXAMPLE
SIGNIFICANCE
Justinian Code
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Topic: The Middle Ages Europe EQ: What were the characteristics of Christianity
during the Byzantine Empire?
Great Schism 1054
- Creates 2 distinct denominations (branch) of
Christianity
- Divides western Catholicism in Rome and Eastern
Orthodoxy in Constantinople
- Each side accusing the other of heresy ( writing or
saying something against the church)
- Creates political division
- Language and customs are different
Roman Catholicism – Western Europe
- Pope has authority over all other bishops, kings, and
emperors
- Services conducted in Latin
- Priest cannot marry
- Divorce is not permitted
Eastern Orthodoxy – Eastern Europe
- Patriarch, bishops lead the church as a collect group
- Services conducted in Greek
- Priest may marry
- Divorce is allowed under certain circumstances
Hagia Sophia – enormous cathedral built under Justinian
- Create close connection between church and state
- Giant dome, included colorful icons and mosaics.
A split between the Eastern
Orthodox Church and the
Roman Catholic Church in
1054. The Byzantines
developed their own form of
Christianity – Eastern
Orthodoxy – and did not
recognize the Pope as the
head of their church.
ILLUSTRATION
EXAMPLE/
CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNIFICANCE
Great Schism
1. Why is Diocletian important to the development of the Byzantine Empire? 2. Why was Constantinople important? 3. What are Emperor Justinian’s achievements? 4.What was the Hagia Sophia? 5.What was the Code of Justinian and what is its impact today?
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Topic: The Middle Ages Europe EQ: What role did Charlemagne play in shaping
modern Europe?
Who were the Franks and who was there leader?
Franks = barbarians who became Christians
- Lead by Pepin
How did Charlemagne expand the borders?
Were non believers accepted?
What happened after the death of Charlemagne?
He united a large part of
Europe during the early
Middle Ages and laid the
foundations for modern
France, Germany and the
Low Countries.
ILLUSTRATION
EXAMPLE
SIGNIFICANCE
Charlemagne
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Topic: The Middle Ages Europe EQ: How did the system of feudalism restore order
to Western Europe?
Feudalism = political and social system,
- Lords (noblemen) = agreed to protect and supply land
- The people agreed to work for the lord
- Fief = land guaranteed
- People turned to noble land owners for protection
Vassal = any man who served a lord militarily
- Knights
Manoralism
- The lords house and surrounding area
- Serfs = peasants living in the area
- Raised and produced everything for that community
- No voice in government
- Worked long hours for protection
- Harsh living conditions
Castles built as fortresses for protection
- Architectural style in Europe
- Reflected the influence of feudal warfare
Germanic tribes converted
- Spread Christianity to northern Europe
Impact
- Politically unified Europe
- Created common culture
- Common usage of Latin
- Catholic church gains large amount of property
ILLUSTRATION
SIGNIFICANCE
Feudalism
Manoralism
ILLUSTRATION
Towns were tied to
the lords and the land
Stone walls
Space was limited
inside, dirty
Houses were close
together
Close proximity = fire
danger
SIGNIFICANCE
Begun by the Franks and
spread to all of Western
Europe, kings offered nobles a
grant of land, known as a feud
or fief, in exchange for loyalty
and service. The nobleman,
known as the vassal, gave
allegiance to the king.
an economic system
structured around a lord’s
manor, or estate. Under the
manorial system, each group
in society had a place; each
also had certain rights and
responsibilities.
EXAMPLE
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Topic: The Middle Ages Europe EQ: What were the reasons that inspired Europeans
to take part in the Crusades?
Christian monks = scribe
- Biblical and classical works were preserved
- Cathedrals were center on of town life
Monks and nuns formed religious communities
- Created hospitals, libraries, hotels
- Church = religious and social center
- Services, social gatherings, and festivals
Unifying Christianity
- Shared beliefs bond the people
- Church = stability and security
- Church creates canon law
- Systems of justice to regulate people’s conduct
Thomas Aquinas
- Philosopher
- Believed truth was known through reason and faith
Aquinas showed how
Christianity was compatible
with works by Aristotle and
said that God had given man
the power to reason to help
him explain and interpret the
world. There fore, we should
trust reason as well as faith.
.
ILLUSTRATION
EXAMPLE
SIGNIFICANCE
Thomas Aquinas
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Topic: Middle Ages Europe EQ: What events contributed to the end of the
Middle Ages in Europe?
Crusades
- Wars fought to regain Holy Lands from the Muslims
- Christians felt threatened by Muslims expansion and
power
- Took place in present day Palestine and Israel
Pope Urban II (1095 AD) began the Crusades
- Wanted Jerusalem to be in Christian lands
- Hoped to reunite Roman Catholicism and Eastern
Orthodox Church
- More than 10,000 troops sent
- Massacred thousands of people
4 Crusades over 200 years
- Church promised salvation to those who participates
- Pilgrims, knights, wives, children participate
Impact of Crusades
- Europeans learned zero in math
- Trade increased between middle east and Europe
- Silk, rice, spices, coffee, perfume, cotton traded
- Hostility among Muslims, Christian, Jews
- Power of the pope weakened
Bubonic Plague (1347 AD)
- fever, black tumor on the neck, armpits, groin
- Size increase from egg to apple
- Live about a week
- Horrified people
- Punishment from God?
- Fleas on rats spread the disease
- Arrived through trade on ships
- 33% of Europe’s population died
-
100 Years War
ILLUSTRATION
SIGNIFICANCE
Created the
boundaries for
todays England and
France.
CHARACTERISTICS
- Fought 116 years
- England wanted
control of France
A war between France and England that lasted from the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth. The kings of England invaded France, trying to claim the throne..
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Topic: Middle Ages South west Asia EQ: What were the main believes in Islam?
The Rise of Islam
- Muhammad founded Islam in Mecca
- Vision from Angel Gabriel
- Told to convert the Arab tribes to believe in one
God (Allah)
- Same God as the Jews and Christians
Medina = city that Muhammad fled to in 622 AD
- Became a popular religious leader
Jihad = holy war (630 AD)
- Gathered army, retook Mecca
- Arabian peninsula united, converted to Islam
Quran = sacred text of Islam
- Records the words from God
- References Jews and Christians
- Forms of worship proper conduct, treatment of
women
5 Pillars of Islam
- Faith in 1 God
- Prayer
- Charity
- Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca
- Fasting during the month of Ramadan
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Topic: Middle Ages Southwest Asia EQ: What lead to the rise of Islam?
Arabic = common language under Islam
Arab Muslims set out to convert non-believers
- Created a large empire
- Spans from Arabian Peninsula to Indus River
Valley
Caliph = successors to Muhammad
Umayyad Caliphate
- Capital or Arab world moved to Damascus, Syria
- Sunni Muslims = followed new Caliph
- Shiite Muslims = believed only descendants of
Mohammad could be caliph (male)
- Still divided today!
Abbasids Caliphate
- Focused on trade not war
- Baghdad = new capital
- Government with absolute rule
- Converted or enslaved polytheistic people
Golden Age of Muslim Culture
- Algebra, geometry
- Geometric art designs = flowers, stars, mosaics
- Discovered blood moves to and from the heart
- Diagnosed measles, small pox
- Built palaces, mosques
-
Roman Empire Islamic Empire
What was
the main
religion?
Who ruled
the empire?
Name 3
cultural
achievemen
ts
Who did
they borrow
ideas from?
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2Q3W Golden Age of Islam Achievements
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Topic: Post Classical EQ: How did the African Gold-Salt trade facilitate
the spread of ideas?
67 68 Topic: Post Classical
EQ: What was the major impact of the Ottoman Empire?
The Ottomans – Turkish group from central Asia
- 13th century = rulers of the Islamic world
- Captured Constantinople (1453) - Byzantine Empire fell
- Renamed the Constantinople to Istanbul
- Controlled Mediterranean Sea
- United all of the Muslims under their rule
Controlled Silk Road
- Stopped trade along the Silk Road for a time
- Forced China and Europe to find different routes
- Lead to the exploration by sea
- Travel by sea = Americas
Ottoman Rulers
- Rulers = Sultan
- Land ruled by Sultan = Sultanate
- Suleiman the Magnificent (1500) unites Muslim world
- Janissaries = soldiers recruited in childhood used to protect
Empire
Religious Tolerance
Allowed Christians and Jews
– to have their own communities,
– represented by their own leaders,
– make their own laws,
– collect their own taxes
Islamic state founded by
Osman in northwestern
Anatolia. After the fall of the
Byzantine Empire, the
Ottoman Empire was based
at Istanbul (formerly
Constantinople) from 1453-
1922. It encompassed lands
in the Middle East, North
Africa, the Caucasus, and
eastern Europe.
ILLUSTRATION
EXAMPLE
SIGNIFICANCE
Ottoman Empire
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Topic: Post Classical EQ: What were the major influences of the Mughal
Empire? Muslim Invasion of India
- Enter through the Khyber Pass during 1th and 12th
century
- Establish Sultanates in India
- Spread Islam into predominantly Hindu area
Mughal Empire 1526 -1837
- Defeated the Turkish Muslims in N India
- Remained Muslims
- Used guns to control there people and fight enemies
- “Gunpowder Empire”
Akbar the Great
- Most famous Mughal ruler
- Conquered other Muslim and Hindu regions
- United N. India
- Allowed religious freedom
- Divided his land into 12 regions
- Officials supervised local government, enforced laws,
collected taxes
- Encouraged learning, painting, music literature
Taj Mahal
- Built by emperor Shan Johan (not tolerant of Hinduism)
- Tomb for his wife
- Example of architectural achievement
- Merged Persian, Islamic, and Indian style
Sikhism – N India (Punjab)
- Combines Hinduism and Islam
- Founded by Guru Nanak
- Believe in 1 God
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
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Topic: Post Classical EQ: What were the major achievements of the Tang
and Song Dynasty?