Post on 08-Jan-2016
description
Tools for Expedited Regional
Transportation Noise Modeling
Jim Cowan and Ken Kaliski
Resource Systems Group, Inc.
White River Junction, VT
2
The Noise Map
3
The Ingredients
• Road traffic volumes and speeds
• Rail traffic volumes and speeds
• Roadway and rail geometry
• Aerial Photography
• Topography
• Residential database (E-911)
4
Road Traffic and Speeds
• Volumes, Speeds, and Road Geometry from the 2005 PM Peak Hour MPO TransCAD Travel Demand Model
• Adjusted to AADT using 10% K-Factor
• Truck Percentage and Time of Day Distribution using Cadna/A Defaults for Federal Highways (German Standards)
- Cadna to include TNM beginning Fall 2006
5
Rail Traffic and Speeds
• Data supplied from rail authorities (NECR and VTR)
- Volumes
- Speeds
- Number of cars
- Number of locomotives
- Schedules
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Aerial Photography
• Source
- USGS/Microsoft TerraServer
- Vermont Mapping Program
• Use
- Visualization
- Identification of Building Densities
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Terrain
640000 642000 644000 646000 648000
4916000
4918000
4920000
4922000
4924000
4926000
4928000
640000 642000 644000 646000 648000
4916000
4918000
4920000
4922000
4924000
4926000
4928000
USGS Digital Elevation Models Contoured using Surfer
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Other Data
• Town Boundaries
• Roadways/Rail Lines
• Residence Locations
• Built-up Areas
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The Result
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Calibration Results
• 17 locations monitored
- Short and long term
• Regression shows good fit
• Mean error +2.1 dB
• Standard deviation 4.3 dB
• 50th percentile error +1.1 dB
• Some significant outliers40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Monitored Sound Level (Ld)
Mo
del
ed S
ou
nd
Lev
el (
Ld
)
1:1
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Household Level Detail
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GIS Analysis
Cumulative Frequency - Daytime and Nighttime Noise Levels
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 20 40 60 80 100
Traffic Noise Level (dBA)
Per
cen
t o
f H
om
es U
nd
er L
evel
Day
Night
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Implications
• 20% of households live with daytime levels exceeding 55 dBA
- This is the WHO criterion for “serious annoyance”
- This compares with 40% in Europe
• 45% of households live with nighttime levels exceeding 45 dBA
- This is the WHO sleep disturbance criterion
- Sleep disturbance does not necessarily mean waking up
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Impacts of Noise
• Interference with communication
• Interference with learning
• Social behavior
• Annoyance
• Sleep disturbance
• Attendance at TRB meetings
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Why Do Noise Mapping?
• Establish basis for noise management strategies
• Assess land-use planning success
• Identify compatible land uses
• Analyze impacts of new sources
• Determine extent of noise exposure
• Evaluate high risk groups and areas
• Assess effectiveness of noise policies
• Because we can
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How Can a Municipality Use the Noise Map?
• Baseline level for future area-wide planning- Quick assessment of land-use forecast impacts and
changes to transportation network
• Development of community noise standards- Supplement to community noise surveys
• Basis for development planning- Test policies (traffic calming, etc.)
- Support zoning
- Help developers plan better residential development
• Raise awareness of noise issues
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Questions?