Transcript of Toni Morrison and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Veronica C. hendrick John Jay College of Criminal...
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- Toni Morrison and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 Veronica C.
hendrick John Jay College of Criminal Justice City University of
New YOrk
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- Toni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford, February 18, 1931
in Lorain, Ohio. Beloved won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in
1988. This story describes a slave who found freedom, but killed
her infant daughter to save her from a life of slavery. She won the
National Books Critics Award for Song of Solomon, a tale of the
renunciation of materialism and the strength of brotherly love. She
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.
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- MARGARET GARNER a Boone County, Kentucky Slave - her tragic
story by Thomas Satterwhite Noble, 1867
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- There are three laws that created the transition from servant
to slave 1662 Negro womens children to serve according to the
condition of the mother 1664 All Negroes or other slaues already
within the Prouince And all negroes and other slaues to bee
hereafter imported into the Prouince shall serue Durante Vita' 1705
An act declaring the Negro, Mulatto, and Indian slaves within this
dominion, to be real estate [1]
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- 1662 Virginia law establishes that children of black mothers
are slaves if their mothers are slaves, free if their mothers are
free. 1662-ACT XII. Negro womens children to serve according to the
condition of the mother [1] [1] Whereas some doubts have arrisen
whether children got by any Englishman upon a negro woman should be
slave or ffree, Be it therefore enacted and declared by this
present grand assembly, that all children borne in this country
shalbe held bond or free only according to the condition of the
mother, And that if any christian shall committ ffornication with a
negro man or woman, hee or shee soe offending shall pay double the
ffines imposed by the former act. [Original spelling retained] [1]
Statutes at Large, Laws of Virginia, vol. 2[1]
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- [My mother] left me without the slightest intimation of who my
father was. The whisper that my master was my father, may or may
not be true; and, true or false, it is of but little consequence to
my purpose whilst the fact remains, in all its glaring odiousness,
that slaveholders have ordained, and by law established, that the
children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of
their mothers; and this is done too obviously to administer to
their own lusts, and make a gratification of their wicked desires
profitable as well as pleasurable; for by this cunning arrangement,
the slaveholder, in cases not a few, sustains to his slaves the
double relation of master and father [italics mine]. Scenario
evidenced in two slave narratives: Frederick Douglass and Harriet
Jacobs
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- Even if he could have obtained permission to marry me while I
was a slave, the marriage would give him no power to protect me
from my master. It would have made him miserable to witness the
insults I should have been subjected to. And then, if we had
children, I knew they must follow the condition of the mother.[1]
Jacobs, #[1] Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897)
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- Be it enacted, by the governor, council and burgesses of this
present general assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the authority
of the same; That from and after the passing of this act, all
negro, mulatto, and Indian slaves, in all courts of judicature, and
other places, within this dominion, shall be held, taken, and
adjudged, to be real estate (and not chattels;) and shall descend
unto the heirs and widows of persons departing this life, according
to the manner and custom of land of inheritance, held in fee
simple. [1] Statutes at Large, Laws of Virginia, vol. 3 [1] 1705
Virginia--An act declaring the Negro, Mulatto, and Indian slaves
within this dominion, to be real estate [1] [1]
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- 1664Maryland legalizes slavery. A Maryland statute attempts to
enforce a law that all blacks, even those who are free, would be
slaves and all blacks born would be slaves regardless of the status
of their mother. An Act Concerning Negroes & other
Slaues[1].[1] Durante Vita Bee itt Enacted by the Right Honble, the
Lord proprietary by the audice and Consent of the upper and lower
house of thise present Generall Assembly that all Negroes or other
slaues already within the Prouince And all negroes and other slaues
to bee hereafter imported into the Prouince shall serue Durante
Vita ' [1][1] Maryland State Archives,
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- 1664Maryland legalizes slavery. A Maryland statute attempts to
enforce a law that all blacks, even those who are free, would be
slaves and all blacks born would be slaves regardless of the status
of their mother. The key to this act is that the servants will
serve Durante Vita for the duration of their lives. 1664Maryland An
Act Concerning Negroes & other Slaues [1].[1] Bee itt Enacted
by the Right Honble, the Lord proprietary by the audice and Consent
of the upper and lower house of thise present Generall Assembly
that all Negroes or other slaues already within the Prouince And
all negroes and other slaues to bee hereafter imported into the
Prouince shall serue Durante Vita' [1][1] Maryland State
Archives,
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- In the American colonies in 1730, nearly 25 percent of the
slaves in the Carolinas were Cherokee, Creek, or other Native
Americans. From the 1500s through the early 1700s, small numbers of
white people were also enslaved by kidnapping or for crimes/debts.
http://innercity.org/holt/slavechron.html
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- Thomas Satterwhite Noble The Price of Blood, 1868
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- An act declaring the Negro, Mulatto, and Indian slaves within
this dominion, to be real estate October 1705 I. FOR the better
settling and preservation of estates within this dominion, II. Be
it enacted, by the governor, council and burgesses of this present
general assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the
same; That from and after the passing of this act, all negro,
mulatto, and Indian slaves, in all courts of judicature, and other
places, within this dominion, shall be held, taken, and adjudged,
to be real estate (and not chattels;) and shall descend unto the
heirs and widows of persons departing this life, according to the
manner and custom of land of inheritance, held in fee simple.
http://www.toptags.com/aama/docs/vact1705.htm
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- 1808--The Atlantic slave trade is banned by the U.S. 1817 Spain
signs a treaty agreeing to end the slave trade north of the equator
and to end it south of the equator in 1820. The American
Colonization Society is established. Its goal is to help African
Americans return to Africa.
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- 1833 --The American Anti- Slavery Society is founded by William
Lloyd Garrison and others. 1836--The U.S. House of Representatives
adopts the gag rule which automatically tables abolitionist
material. 1837-Pennsylvania and Mississippi take away the right of
blacks to vote.
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- Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895 1845 Frederick Douglass
autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is
published.
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- Fugitive Slave Law It allows slave owners to pursue fugitive
slaves across state lines and it becomes a criminal offense to help
fugitive slaves.
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- 1850 Compromise of 1850 establishes a Fugitive Slave Law giving
greater power to federal authorities in exchange for admission of
California to the union as a free state.
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- 1852--Uncle Toms Cabin, written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher
Stowe, is published.
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- Iron Mask and Collar for Punishing Slaves, Brazil, 1817-1818
Saint Anastacia Some of Morrisons film images come from Brazilian
slavery rather than the US system
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- 1861-1865 Civil War.
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- 1863 President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
freeing slaves in the Confederate States. That on the 1st day of
January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or
designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in
rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward,
and forever free; and the executive government of the United
States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no
act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts
they may make for their actual freedom.
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- April 10, 1865 November 6, 1860 Shot on April 14, 1865
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- 1865 The 13th Amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery
in the United States.
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- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 An act to enforce the
constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the
district courts of the United States of America to provide
injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations,
to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect
constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to
extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in
federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal
Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes. The Civil Rights
Act of 1964 An act to enforce the constitutional right to vote, to
confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States
of America to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in
public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to
institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public
facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil
Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs,
to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for
other purposes.
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- Thank You Veronica C. hendrick John Jay College of Criminal
Justice City University of New York