The WAI to Web Accessibility

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Sharron Rush July 16, 2013

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Sharron Rush Executive Director

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Creative Commons – some rights reserved Walk Through WAI Resources

A Walk through WAI resources

"The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect." --

Tim Berners-Lee, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Director and inventor of the World Wide Web

Welcome!

Let’s think about web accessibility

What is it?

Who needs it?

How to ensure we reach all constituents

Finding resources to support best practice

Sharron Rush srush@knowbility.org

Poll: What is Web Accessibility?

A. Section 508 compliance

B. Conformance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

C. Meets requirements of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

D. Meets international ISO standard

E. All of the above

F. None of the above

Accessible

People with disabilities

…can acquire the same information

…participate in the same activities

…be active producers as well as consumers

Creative Commons – some rights reserved Walk Through WAI Resources 9

I.T. Accessibility Movement

• Grounded in civil rights

• Universal access to built environment – required by ADA

• Standards bodies recognized need to address IT accessibility

• Concepts and vocabulary extended into learning and communications

Official Disabilities

• Visual (including blind, low vision, and color vision)

• Hearing

• Motor/Physical

• Cognitive Learning

• Speech

People with disabilities may use software via alternate input & output methods – assistive technology

Universal Design…

• supports all people

• supports all technology

• improves experience for all

• strong relationship to usability

• “responsive design”

• “Good design IS accessible design” ~ Dr. John Slatin

Computer Assistive Technology

• specialized tools

• help perform interactive functions

• Accommodation – temporary or permanent

Why advocate for accessible design?

Legal Technical

Market

Humanitarian

Visionary

Legal Mandates

• International – UN Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities, 2006

• Global requirements based on WCAG2

• US Federal standards, Section 508

• Other national laws

• State and local laws

Legal progress in US

• 1998 – 2002 National Federation of the Blind (NFB) vs SW Airlines, AOL others

• Most settled out of court, few clear legal precedents established

• Since 2002, states and NFB are filing under local and ADA laws with far greater success

• Structured negotiations increase accessibility without litigation

Demographic Forces

• Number of people with disabilities is growing

• 55 million Americans / 1 billion worldwide

• Fortune: “$1 trillion annual market” in US

• $200 billion in discretionary spending

• Increasing as population ages

Improved technical performance

• Harmonize with global standards

• Internationalization

• Demonstrated ROI

• Responsive design

Image of 9-year old girl in home-made super girl costume, arms crossed, goggles on, looking determined!

Because we can!

Where to start?

• Accessibility program should start with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines from the W3C

True or False?

Step 1: Standards/Guidelines

Well, then…HOW to get there?

Steps to IT Accessibility

• Convene wide group of stakeholders – understand what users need

• Adopt explicit policy

• Develop implementation plan mapped to various roles and responsibilities

• Provide support, including training and internal resources

• Test, verify, use community feedback

• Include people with disabilities throughout process

• Maintain timetable for evaluation and revision

Let’s jump in!

• and discover free resources at the w3c Let’s jump in and discover free resources from w3.org/wai

Web Accessibility Intro

W3C - Accessibility

The Web is fundamentally designed to work for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, culture, location, or physical or mental ability.

When the Web meets this goal, it is accessible to people with a diverse range of hearing, movement, sight, and cognitive ability.

Thus the impact of disability is radically changed on the Web because the Web removes barriers to communication and interaction that many people face in the physical world.

However, when websites, web technologies, or web tools are badly designed, they can create barriers that exclude people from using the Web.

STEP 1: CONVENE STAKEHOLDERS

people

Checklist first item

Checklist second item

Checklist third item

accessibility is about

For all!

Think broadly about stakeholders

• Use resources at W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) to learn more

• Videos, demos, stakeholder outreach

How People with Disabilities Use the Web

Tools for Understanding Common Barriers

http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/

STEP 2: ADOPT EXPLICIT POLICY

Strategic accessibility

• Success comes from integrating accessibility throughout the organization,

• Aligning accessibility with other institutional values, goals, and practices

Developing Organizational Policies on Web Accessibility

From simple to comprehensive

http://www.w3.org/WAI/impl/pol

STEP 3: ESTABLISH ROLES WITHIN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Establish coordination team and communication plan

• Identify representatives from key departments and regions

• Designate a team member to track new techniques for accessibility.

• Map responsibilities to various roles within organization

• Book: Strategic IT Accessibility: Enabling the Organization by Jeff Kline

Image of 9-year old girl in home-made super girl costume, arms crossed, goggles on, looking determined!

Find and empower champions

Web accessibility champion(s)

• Champions can reinforce an organization's commitment while implementation progresses.

• Can advocate and educate

• Most effective when highest level of leadership

Implementation Planning

Considerations for organizations of all sizes

http://www.w3.org/WAI/impl/Overview.html

Poll: Accessibility Standards

Please indicate (yes or no) if you are aware of these guidelines for the web?

1. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

2. Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG)

3. User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)

4. Accessible Rich Internet Application (ARIA) Guidelines

Accessibility Principles

http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/principles

Global Standards • WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

International standards for the web

• ATAG - Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines. Vendor standards for interoperability

• UAAG - User Accessibility Guidelines for browsers and assistive technologies

• …and technical specifications

• ARIA - Accessible Rich Internet Application research for emerging technologies

• INDIE-UI, CSS, others

www.w3.org/WAI

Integrated Accessibility Guidelines

WCAG (web content)

Integrated Accessibility Guidelines

WCAG (web content)

UAAG (user agent)

Integrated Accessibility Standards

Diagram of the relationship between authoring and evaluation tools, Web content, and user agent tools such as browsers and assistive technologies. As each component adheres to common standards, accessibility and interoperability are improved. At the W3c, groups of experts work in collaboration on the

ATAG – authoring tools accessibility group;

WCAG – web content accessibility group; and UAAG – user agent accessibility group, and others.

WCAG (web content)

ATAG (authoring

tools)

UAAG (user agent)

Learn About WCAG2

Use the Overview to determine approach

based on your team role

http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php

Use WCAG2

Use the Quick Reference to determine

How to Meet requirements

http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref

WCAG Techniques

Understand the difference between

Guidelines and Techniques

http://www.w3.org/QA/2013/07/wcag_techniques_updated_july2013.html

WCAG2 at a Glance

• Guideline Summary

http://www.w3.org/WAI/

WCAG20/glance/

STEP 4: TRAINING AND OTHER SUPPORTS

• Develop training across roles

• Customize to your organizational culture and tools

• Adapt to your style of development

Accessibility Training Suite Presentations, Topics, and Workshops

http://www.w3.org/WAI/training/Overview

Before and After Demo (BAD)

http://www.w3.org/WAI/demos/bad/

Coming Soon from WAI

• Tutorials - practical guidance , working examples of accessible web page components and interactive widgets.

• Each tutorial is planned as multi-page resource illustrating or explaining how to make sure your website is accessible.

• Edited by WAI Staff as part of the WAI-ACT Project

• Developed with review, input, and approval of EOWG

STEP 5: TEST, VERIFY, SHARE

Testing for accessibility

• Structure based on internal policies

• Specific protocols will depend on goals

• Should be part of overall QA

• Will be iterative

• Can improve user experience for all

Functional test criteria

• Text alternatives for non-text content

includes graphics, audio, video etc

• Keyboard access to all info and function

• Logical reading order

• No dependency on color alone

• Separate presentation from meaning

• Contrast of 4.5 to 1 or higher

• Form controls, validation, error messages

Easy Checks

A First Review of Web Accessibility

http://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/preliminary

Conformance verification

• Easy Checks provides preliminary info

• More formal conformance review is needed for many organizations

• Legal compliance issues, policy, etc

WCAG-EM overview

http://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/conformance.html

WCAG-EM

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Evaluation Methodology

For more formal assessment and reporting

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-EM/#abstract

Involving Users in Web Accessibility Evaluation

Join the community

• Learn from others and share your tips, guidance, and suggestions (in WAI-Engage wiki)

• Opportunities for research and contribution to emerging standards

WAI invites you to get involved !

For example:

• Mobile Accessibility

• IndieUI (Independent User Interface)

• Research and Development

Research and Development

Shared Web Experiences

Web Content Accessibility and Mobile Web: Making a Web Site Accessible Both for People

with Disabilities and for Mobile Devices

STEP 6: INCLUSIVE USABILITY TESTING

We test so we don’t do this to our users

• Woman sits at computer with finger on mouse clicker. The screen says Repetitive Stress Injury – click here 100 times to enter

Involving Users in Web Projects for Better, Easier Accessibility

Developing Websites for Older

People: How WCAG 2.0 Applies

Contacting Organizations about Inaccessible Websites

FINALLY, LAST STEP: DO IT ALL AGAIN

Accessibility is a process

that must be woven into all IT practices from design, development, and procurement to management and QA

Thank you

You make all the difference!

srush@knowbility.org

@knowbility on Twitter

www.facebook.com/knowbility

More information

• W3C – Web Accessibility Initiative www.w3.org/WAI

…and two opportunities from Knowbility:

• Open AIR, the Accessibility Internet Rally www.knowbility.org/v/open-air/

• AccessWorks Portal engaging users with disabilities www.knowbility.org/v/service-detail/AccessWorks-Usability-Accessibility-Testing-Portal/3k/

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The WAI to Web Accessibility

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