The WAI to Web Accessibility
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Transcript of The WAI to Web Accessibility
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The WAI to Web Accessibility
Sharron Rush July 16, 2013
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"The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect." --
Tim Berners-Lee, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Director and inventor of the World Wide Web
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Welcome!
Let’s think about web accessibility
What is it?
Who needs it?
How to ensure we reach all constituents
Finding resources to support best practice
Sharron Rush [email protected]
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Poll: What is Web Accessibility?
A. Section 508 compliance
B. Conformance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
C. Meets requirements of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
D. Meets international ISO standard
E. All of the above
F. None of the above
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Accessible
People with disabilities
…can acquire the same information
…participate in the same activities
…be active producers as well as consumers
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I.T. Accessibility Movement
• Grounded in civil rights
• Universal access to built environment – required by ADA
• Standards bodies recognized need to address IT accessibility
• Concepts and vocabulary extended into learning and communications
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Official Disabilities
• Visual (including blind, low vision, and color vision)
• Hearing
• Motor/Physical
• Cognitive Learning
• Speech
People with disabilities may use software via alternate input & output methods – assistive technology
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Universal Design…
• supports all people
• supports all technology
• improves experience for all
• strong relationship to usability
• “responsive design”
• “Good design IS accessible design” ~ Dr. John Slatin
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Computer Assistive Technology
• specialized tools
• help perform interactive functions
• Accommodation – temporary or permanent
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Why advocate for accessible design?
Legal Technical
Market
Humanitarian
Visionary
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Legal Mandates
• International – UN Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities, 2006
• Global requirements based on WCAG2
• US Federal standards, Section 508
• Other national laws
• State and local laws
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5
Legal progress in US
• 1998 – 2002 National Federation of the Blind (NFB) vs SW Airlines, AOL others
• Most settled out of court, few clear legal precedents established
• Since 2002, states and NFB are filing under local and ADA laws with far greater success
• Structured negotiations increase accessibility without litigation
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Demographic Forces
• Number of people with disabilities is growing
• 55 million Americans / 1 billion worldwide
• Fortune: “$1 trillion annual market” in US
• $200 billion in discretionary spending
• Increasing as population ages
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Improved technical performance
• Harmonize with global standards
• Internationalization
• Demonstrated ROI
• Responsive design
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Image of 9-year old girl in home-made super girl costume, arms crossed, goggles on, looking determined!
Because we can!
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Where to start?
Poll:
• Accessibility program should start with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines from the W3C
True or False?
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Step 1: Standards/Guidelines
X
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Well, then…HOW to get there?
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Steps to IT Accessibility
• Convene wide group of stakeholders – understand what users need
• Adopt explicit policy
• Develop implementation plan mapped to various roles and responsibilities
• Provide support, including training and internal resources
• Test, verify, use community feedback
• Include people with disabilities throughout process
• Maintain timetable for evaluation and revision
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Let’s jump in!
• and discover free resources at the w3c Let’s jump in and discover free resources from w3.org/wai
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Web Accessibility Intro
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W3C - Accessibility
The Web is fundamentally designed to work for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, culture, location, or physical or mental ability.
When the Web meets this goal, it is accessible to people with a diverse range of hearing, movement, sight, and cognitive ability.
Thus the impact of disability is radically changed on the Web because the Web removes barriers to communication and interaction that many people face in the physical world.
However, when websites, web technologies, or web tools are badly designed, they can create barriers that exclude people from using the Web.
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STEP 1: CONVENE STAKEHOLDERS
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people
Checklist first item
Checklist second item
Checklist third item
X
accessibility is about
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For all!
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Think broadly about stakeholders
• Use resources at W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) to learn more
• Videos, demos, stakeholder outreach
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How People with Disabilities Use the Web
Tools for Understanding Common Barriers
http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/
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STEP 2: ADOPT EXPLICIT POLICY
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Strategic accessibility
• Success comes from integrating accessibility throughout the organization,
• Aligning accessibility with other institutional values, goals, and practices
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Developing Organizational Policies on Web Accessibility
From simple to comprehensive
http://www.w3.org/WAI/impl/pol
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STEP 3: ESTABLISH ROLES WITHIN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
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Establish coordination team and communication plan
• Identify representatives from key departments and regions
• Designate a team member to track new techniques for accessibility.
• Map responsibilities to various roles within organization
• Book: Strategic IT Accessibility: Enabling the Organization by Jeff Kline
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Image of 9-year old girl in home-made super girl costume, arms crossed, goggles on, looking determined!
Find and empower champions
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Web accessibility champion(s)
• Champions can reinforce an organization's commitment while implementation progresses.
• Can advocate and educate
• Most effective when highest level of leadership
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Implementation Planning
Considerations for organizations of all sizes
http://www.w3.org/WAI/impl/Overview.html
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Poll: Accessibility Standards
Please indicate (yes or no) if you are aware of these guidelines for the web?
1. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
2. Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG)
3. User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)
4. Accessible Rich Internet Application (ARIA) Guidelines
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Accessibility Principles
http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/principles
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Global Standards • WCAG - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
International standards for the web
• ATAG - Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines. Vendor standards for interoperability
• UAAG - User Accessibility Guidelines for browsers and assistive technologies
• …and technical specifications
• ARIA - Accessible Rich Internet Application research for emerging technologies
• INDIE-UI, CSS, others
www.w3.org/WAI
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Integrated Accessibility Guidelines
WCAG (web content)
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Integrated Accessibility Guidelines
WCAG (web content)
UAAG (user agent)
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Integrated Accessibility Standards
Diagram of the relationship between authoring and evaluation tools, Web content, and user agent tools such as browsers and assistive technologies. As each component adheres to common standards, accessibility and interoperability are improved. At the W3c, groups of experts work in collaboration on the
ATAG – authoring tools accessibility group;
WCAG – web content accessibility group; and UAAG – user agent accessibility group, and others.
WCAG (web content)
ATAG (authoring
tools)
UAAG (user agent)
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Learn About WCAG2
Use the Overview to determine approach
based on your team role
http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag.php
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Use WCAG2
Use the Quick Reference to determine
How to Meet requirements
http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref
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WCAG Techniques
Understand the difference between
Guidelines and Techniques
http://www.w3.org/QA/2013/07/wcag_techniques_updated_july2013.html
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WCAG2 at a Glance
• Guideline Summary
http://www.w3.org/WAI/
WCAG20/glance/
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STEP 4: TRAINING AND OTHER SUPPORTS
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• Develop training across roles
• Customize to your organizational culture and tools
• Adapt to your style of development
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Accessibility Training Suite Presentations, Topics, and Workshops
http://www.w3.org/WAI/training/Overview
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Before and After Demo (BAD)
http://www.w3.org/WAI/demos/bad/
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Coming Soon from WAI
• Tutorials - practical guidance , working examples of accessible web page components and interactive widgets.
• Each tutorial is planned as multi-page resource illustrating or explaining how to make sure your website is accessible.
• Edited by WAI Staff as part of the WAI-ACT Project
• Developed with review, input, and approval of EOWG
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STEP 5: TEST, VERIFY, SHARE
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Testing for accessibility
• Structure based on internal policies
• Specific protocols will depend on goals
• Should be part of overall QA
• Will be iterative
• Can improve user experience for all
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Functional test criteria
• Text alternatives for non-text content
includes graphics, audio, video etc
• Keyboard access to all info and function
• Logical reading order
• No dependency on color alone
• Separate presentation from meaning
• Contrast of 4.5 to 1 or higher
• Form controls, validation, error messages
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Easy Checks
A First Review of Web Accessibility
http://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/preliminary
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Conformance verification
• Easy Checks provides preliminary info
• More formal conformance review is needed for many organizations
• Legal compliance issues, policy, etc
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WCAG-EM overview
http://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/conformance.html
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WCAG-EM
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Evaluation Methodology
For more formal assessment and reporting
http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG-EM/#abstract
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Involving Users in Web Accessibility Evaluation
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Join the community
• Learn from others and share your tips, guidance, and suggestions (in WAI-Engage wiki)
• Opportunities for research and contribution to emerging standards
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WAI invites you to get involved !
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For example:
• Mobile Accessibility
• IndieUI (Independent User Interface)
• Research and Development
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Research and Development
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Shared Web Experiences
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Web Content Accessibility and Mobile Web: Making a Web Site Accessible Both for People
with Disabilities and for Mobile Devices
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STEP 6: INCLUSIVE USABILITY TESTING
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We test so we don’t do this to our users
• Woman sits at computer with finger on mouse clicker. The screen says Repetitive Stress Injury – click here 100 times to enter
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Involving Users in Web Projects for Better, Easier Accessibility
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Developing Websites for Older
People: How WCAG 2.0 Applies
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Contacting Organizations about Inaccessible Websites
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FINALLY, LAST STEP: DO IT ALL AGAIN
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Accessibility is a process
that must be woven into all IT practices from design, development, and procurement to management and QA
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Thank you
You make all the difference!
@knowbility on Twitter
www.facebook.com/knowbility
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More information
• W3C – Web Accessibility Initiative www.w3.org/WAI
…and two opportunities from Knowbility:
• Open AIR, the Accessibility Internet Rally www.knowbility.org/v/open-air/
• AccessWorks Portal engaging users with disabilities www.knowbility.org/v/service-detail/AccessWorks-Usability-Accessibility-Testing-Portal/3k/
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