Transcript of The twentieth century to 1939
- 1. By:1. Wahyu Panca Handayani 2. Galant Nanta Aditya 3. Budi
Tri Santosa 4. Arif Burhanudin 5. Ninda Arum RR
- 2. SETTING THE SCENE London entered the 20th century at the
height of its influence as the capital of the largest empire in
history, but the new century was to bring many challenges. public
transport was greatly expanded. the first motorbus service began in
the 1900s. Improvements to Londons over ground and underground rail
network, including large scale electrification were progressively
carried out. During World War I, London experienced its first
bombing raids carried out by German zeppelin airships; These air
raids in total killed around 670 people, injured 1,960 and caused
great terror among Londons population. A far bigger impact was of
the number of Londoners who were killed in combat; about 124,000
young men never returned from the war. Basic religious and
political beliefs were questioned by more people.
- 3. POLITICAL LIFE In 1934 the Labour Party led by Herbert
Morrison won control of the LCC for the first time. The Labour
Party would dominate the council until its abolition and
replacement by the Greater London Council in 1965. The Communist
Party of Great Britain won a seat in the House of Commons, and the
far-right British Union of Fascists received extensive support.
Clashes between right and left culminated in the Battle of Cable
Street in 1936 Large numbers of Jewish immigrants fleeing from Nazi
Germany settled in London during the 1930s, who settled mostly in
the West End
- 4. ECONOMY London escaped the worst effects of the Great
Depression of the early 1930s London had relatively little heavy
industry which was badly affected by the depression. London
attracted many of the new and growing industries such as the
electrical industry during the interwar years, almost half of the
new factories opened in Britain during the 1930s were in the
Greater London area The artist express their ideas very differently
in new forms, which difficult for everyone to understand Some
artist felt a duty to communicate simply and in popular forms to a
wider and better educated audience
- 5. SOCIAL CHANGE Variously throughout the war, serious shortage
of able-bodied men ("manpower") occurred in the country, and women
were required to take on many of the traditional male roles,
particularly in the area of arms manufacture The number of women
employed by the service increased from 33,000 in 1911 to over
102,000 by 1921 In February 1916, groups were set up and a campaign
started to get women to help in agriculture and in March 1917, the
Womens Land Army was set up, though crucially, its members were
paid less than their male counterparts The war also caused a split
in the British suffragette movement, with the mainstream,
represented by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabels
Womens Social and Political Union Women were also allowed to join
the armed forces in a non-combatant role[7] and by the end of World
War I, 80,000 women had joined the armed forces in auxiliary roles
such as nursing and cooking.
- 6. 1930s = The Golden Age of Cinema, and the first colour films
were made. 1922 = Radio Broadcasting began when BBC was formed.
1933 = half the household had a radioGeorge Bernard Shaw: an irish
and the leading figure in EnglishDrama.John Bulls Other Island
(1904)Man and Superman (1905)Major Barbara (1905)Pygmalion (1913),
a film and a musical play, entitled My Fair Lady, wasbased on this
original story.Saint Joan (1923)
- 7. John Millington Synge: using Irish regional language
andsetting.Riders to The Sea (1904)The Playboy of The Western
(1907) Somerset Maugham: one of the most successful playwrights of
his time The Circle (1921) The Constant Wife (1926)J. B. Priestey:
well-known as a novelist, but he also wrote severalplays.Dangerous
Corner (1932)I Have Been Here Before (1937)Time and The Conways
(1937)An Inspector Calls (1945) Nol Coward: using more relevant
themes and with sharp. So, his plays lasted longer. The Vortex
(1924) Private Lives (1930)Sean OCasey: using Dublin as the
setting.The Shadow of A Gunman (1923)Juno and The Paycock
(1924)
- 8. POETRY Poets at the end of Vicyorian age reflect the crisis
of values of the time.Gerard Manley Hapkins and Thomas Hardy are
thebest-known poets of the changing time. Their poemscelebrate
nature and also show the great sadness andanxiety in society.A. E.
Housman was the most popular poet of the century. As same asHopknis
and Hardy, his subject is also about nature, but he is also apoet
of emotional loss. Housmans forms are traditional rather
thanmodern, but ts thesimplicity, emotion and beauty of his
description ofnature have made him popular despite all the changing
fashion inpoetry. On of his best-seller poets is A shropshire
Lad
- 9. FIRST WORLD WAR POETRY Most of poems in this period were
written to describe the horrors, sadness, pittiness and the useless
of the war. Also, most of poets at this time were killed in the war
such as Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg, T. E. Hulme,etc.Wilfred Owen
questions Edwar Thomas: poet of naturethe values of war in his The
Teams Head-Brassfamous latin line Dulce et Adlestrop T.S.Eliot:
andecorum est pro patria outsider who canmori. His irony about the
be the mostwar gave a new tone to important Isaac Rosenberg:
describes poet.the poem ismodern poetry the war vvery detail in The
about time andAnthem for Doomed Dead Mans Dump wasted time
inYouthStrange meeting different way. The WasteFutility Siegfried
Sassoon: one of LandEdmund Blunden: the one who can survive int the
Four Quarterseditor of Owens poem and war and continue writing The
Cathedralthe most detailed poem poems and phrose. TheUndertones of
War General is his best work
- 10. W. B. Yeats: poet of paradoxwriting about wars and
revolutionwhich shook the world. He showsin his poems many of
thechanges which were happeningin the world he lived in. Easter
1916 T. E. Hulme wrote a new kind of The Second Coming poetry:
cheerful, dry (unemotional) Sailing to Byzantium and sophisticated
(clever). Also, his own poetry consists of short sharp images, for
example: Of Sunset Of the moon at night The Georgian poets were a
group qhose work appeared in five volu,es called Georgian Poetry.
The writers in this group are: Rubert Brook, John Masefield, D. H.
Lawrence, Siegfried Sassoon and Robert Graves.
- 11. POETS AFTER ELIOTJohn Masefield: popular with his poem of
sea, moreover his Sea FeverWalter de la Mare: wrote many poems for
childrenRobert Graves: one of the great lyric poet of the century
who noticeof the fashions of intellectual poetryThirties Poets,
like W.H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Louis MacBeice, Hugh MacDiarmid
and C. Day-Lewis: brough a new politic tonein modern poetry. A
Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, by Hugh MacDiarmidSeascape, by
AudenThe Pylons, by Stephen SpenderSpain by AudenAll these writers
had a view of political changes happening in 1930s,and observed
developments in Germany and Spain
- 12. NOVELS Nostromo is a 1904 novel by Polish-born British
novelist Joseph Conrad, The Rainbow is a 1915 novel by British
author D. H. Lawrence. Brave New World is Aldous Huxleys fifth
novel, written in 1931 and published in 1932 Crome Yellow is the
first novel by British author Aldous Huxley. It was published in
1921. Decline and Fall is a novel by the English author Evelyn
Waugh, first published in 1928. The Prisoner of Zenda is an
adventure novel by Anthony Hope, published in 1894.
- 13. Nostromo is a 1904 novel by Polish-born British novelist
Joseph Conrad, set in the fictitious South American republic of
"Costaguana." It was originally published serially in two volumes
of T.P.s Weekly. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Nostromo 47th
on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th
century. F. Scott Fitzgerald said, "Id rather have written Nostromo
than any other novel."
- 14. Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a
small group of instruments which traditionally could be
accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any art
music that is performed by a small number of performers with one
performer to a part. The word "chamber" signifies that the music
can be performed in a small room, often in a private salon with an
intimate atmosphere. However, it usually does not include, by
definition, solo instrument performances.
- 15. The Rainbow is a 1915 novel by British author D. H.
Lawrence. It follows three generations of the Brangwen family
living in Nottinghamshire,[2] particularly focusing on the sexual
dynamics of, and relations between, the characters. Lawrences frank
treatment of sexual desire and the power it plays within
relationships as a natural and even spiritual force of life, though
perhaps tame by modern standards, caused The Rainbow to be
prosecuted in an obscenity trial in late 1915, as a result of which
all copies were seized and burnt. After this ban it was unavailable
in Britain for 11 years, although editions were available in
the
- 16. Orlando: A Biography is an influential novel by Virginia
Woolf, first published on 11 October 1928. A semi- biographical
novel based in part on the life of Woolfs lover Vita
Sackville-West, it is generally considered one of Woolfs most
accessible novels. The novel has been influential stylistically,
and is considered important in literature generally, and
particularly in the history of womens writing and gender studies. A
film adaptation was released in 1992, starring Tilda Swinton as
Orlando and Quentin Crisp as Queen Elizabeth I.
- 17. Brave New World is Aldous Huxleys fifth novel, written in
1931 and published in 1932. Set in London of AD 2540 (632 A.F. in
the book), the novel anticipates developments in reproductive
technology and sleep-learning that combine to change society. The
future society is an embodiment of the ideals that form the basis
of futurology. Huxley answered this book with a reassessment in an
essay, Brave New World Revisited (1958), summarised below, and with
his final work, a novel titled Island (1962). In 1999, the Modern
Library ranked Brave New World fifth on its list of the 100 best
English-language novels of the 20th century.[1]
- 18. Crome Yellow is the first novel by British author Aldous
Huxley. It was published in 1921. In the book, Huxley satirises the
fads and fashions of the time. It is the witty story of a house
party at "Crome"[1] (a lightly veiled reference to Garsington
Manor, a house where authors such as Huxley and T. S. Eliot used to
gather and write). We hear the history of the house from Henry
Wimbush, its owner and self-appointed historian; apocalypse is
prophesied, virginity is lost, and inspirational aphorisms are
gained in a trance. Our hero, Denis Stone, tries to capture it all
in poetry and is disappointed in love.
- 19. Decline and Fall is a novel by the English author Evelyn
Waugh, first published in 1928. It was Waughs first published
novel; an earlier attempt, entitled The Temple at Thatch, was
destroyed by Waugh while still in manuscript form. Decline and Fall
is based in part on Waughs undergraduate years at Hertford College,
Oxford, and his experience as a teacher in Wales. It is a social
satire that employs the authors characteristic black humour in
lampooning various features of British society in the 1920s.
- 20. King Solomons Mines (1885) is a popular novel by the
Victorian adventure writer and fabulist Sir H. Rider Haggard. It
tells of a search of an unexplored region of Africa by a group of
adventurers led by Allan Quatermain for the missing brother of one
of the party. It is the first English adventure novel set in
Africa, and is considered to be the genesis of the Lost World
literary genre.
- 21. The Prisoner of Zenda is an adventure novel by Anthony
Hope, published in 1894. The king of the fictional country of
Ruritania is drugged on the eve of his coronation and thus unable
to attend his own coronation. Political forces are such that in
order for the king to retain his crown his coronation must go
forward. An English gentleman on holiday who fortuitously resembles
the monarch, is persuaded to act as his political decoy in an
attempt to save the situation. The villainous Rupert of Hentzau
gave his name to the sequel published in 1898, which is included in
some editions of this novel. The books were extremely popular and
inspired a new genre of Ruritanian romance, including the Graustark
novels by George Barr McCutcheon.
- 22. Goodbye to Berlin is a 1939 short novel by Christopher
Isherwood set in pre-Nazi Germany. It is often published together
with Mr Norris Changes Trains in a collection called The Berlin
Stories. Liza of Lambeth (1897) was W. Somerset Maughams first
novel, which he wrote while working as a doctor at a hospital in
Lambeth, then a working class district of London. It depicts the
short life and death of Liza Kemp, an 18-year-old factory worker
who lives together with her aging mother in Vere Street (obviously
fictional) off Westminster Bridge Road (real) in Lambeth. All in
all, it gives the reader an interesting insight into the everyday
lives of working class Londoners at the turn of the century.
- 23. The Man With Two Left Feet, and Other Stories is a
collection of short stories by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in
the United Kingdom on March 8, 1917 by Methuen & Co., London,
and in the United States in 1933 by A.L. Burt and Co., New York.
All the stories had previously appeared in periodicals, usually the
Strand in the UK and the Red Book magazine or the Saturday Evening
Post in the US. It is a fairly miscellaneous collection most of the
stories concern relationships, sports and household pets, and do
not feature any of Wodehouses regular characters; one, however,
"Extricating Young Gussie", is notable for the first appearance in
print of two of Wodehouses best-known characters, Jeeves and his
master Bertie Wooster (although Berties surname isnt given and
Jeevess role is very small), and Berties fearsome Aunt Agatha. Most
of the thirteen stories in this collection portray interactions
among pension guests in a German spa town; a few represent the
lives of the towns permanent residents. The minor health problems
(mostly digestive ailments, or unspecified "internal complaints")
of the guests are not the crux of the plot but rather what gives it
its texture. Talk about eating, "internal complaints," sexuality,
body image, and pregnancy is the vehicle through which people try
to relate.
- 24. INFLUENCE OF Jewist immigrants sabar Hubungan Communism
grew in Rusia n fescism grew especialy in jerman n itali dengan
inggris apa/. toni knpa mengawali kenapa wanita boleh memilih? D.H
lawrence, what is exposed in his work? Who is william james and
Henry James? Kenapa d era ini sex dianggap tabu, padahal d
renaissance biasa aja?