The Thirty Years’ War

AP European HistoryUnit 2/Ch. 15 – Statebuilding in the 17th Century

Ms. Tully - UHS

An “Age of Crisis”

Yearning for order Increased gov’t power

“Little Ice Age” Vulnerability in villages

Economic recession in most of Europe

Background to the Thirty Years’ War

Militant Catholicism vs. Militant Calvinism & Bourbons vs. Habsburgs

Peace of Augsburg (1555) Did not account for Calvinism

Formation of Protestant Union (1608) Formation of Catholic League (1609) Habsburg consolidation resisted by princes

The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)

Bohemia traditionally resisted Catholicism Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand elected king in 1617 Defenestration of Prague – May 1618 Ferdinand deposed, replaced with Elector Frederick V Ferdinand (HRE) allied with Duke Maximilian of Bavaria Battle of White Mountain, Nov. 8, 1620 Ferdinand reestablished as King of Bohemia, now a

hereditary Habsburg possession

Danish Phase (1625-1629)

Intervention of King Christian IV of Denmark Albrecht of Wallestein – appointed by HRE

Ferdinand to lead Catholic/Imperial army Denmark defeated by Catholic League in 1626 Edict of Restitution, 1629

Swedish Phase (1630-1635)

Arrival of Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus

Battle of Lutzen, 1632

Battle of Nordlingen, 1634

Edict of Restitution annulled

Franco-Swedish Phase (1635-1648)

Religious issue losing significance Battle of Rocroi, 1643 Not decisive overall victory

Outcomes of the War

1648 – Peace of Westphalia ended war Clearly separation between religion & politics Beginning of modern international order Many areas of Germany devastated Part of “military revolution”

Classwork

Read The Face of War in the Seventeenth Century on p. 453 & respond to the prompt.

This will go straight into the Classwork section of your portfolio.