The Periodic table of Elements

By: Mr. Castillo & Mr. Buenrostro

Ready to get started?

Periodic table of Elements• Think back over the last week…….• We learned atoms are made of neutrons, protons,

and electrons. We also learned their locations and charges.

• We learned that their properties are linked to the number and type of particles.

• Now, lets learn about the world of elements…….

Periodic table of Elements

• Table of elements: a list of all the elements in the universe organized by the properties of their atoms. -Remember the particles of an atom??-Remember the protons, neutrons, and electrons?

• The arrangement and number of an atom’s particles makes one element different from the other.

Questions?

• Organized…..Arrangement????• What do those big college words mean?

Organized & Arrangement• Means to place something in a location by

type, category, or property. • Example: How is a grocery stores is arranged?

Organized & Arrangement• The produce section for fruits and vegetables,

meats, bakery, and dairy are all arranged by their similar properties.

Periodic Table of Elements

• Scientist used this concept (idea) to organize and arrange all the known elements of the universe into a table that made sense.

Uh-Huh!!!

Periodic Table of Elements

• Not that type of table.• Table: data arranged in rows and columns

Elements

Li3

Lithium6.941

Atomic Number

Atomic Mass

Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom. Identifies the element.Atomic Mass: Number of protons and Neutrons found in the nucleus.A=P=E:Atomic Number= Protons = Electrons ; 3 = 3+ = 3-

Atoms Symbol

Atoms Name

Arrangement of Particles

Li3

Lithium6.941

Be4

Beryllium9.012

How are these atoms different??

• Element: a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.

• A natural or synthetic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler materials; has unique properties.

Elements

• What type of arrangement do you see? Patterns?

Table of Elements

• The Table of Elements is divided into two main categories: Periods and Groups

Table of Elements

Groups and Periods numbers

• Group number: The numbers above each vertical column giving the number of outer valence electrons in each element. There are 18 groups.

• Period number: The numbers beside each horizontal row that lists the number of electron shells. There are 7 periods.

Groups and Periods

• Groups: vertical columns that organize atoms with similar number of valence electrons.

1A

Group Numbers (top)

Find the number of Valence Electrons.

Groups and Periods

• Periods: horizontal rows that organize atoms with similar number of electron energy shells.

1

2

3

OCS

Periods Numbers (side)

Find the number of Orbits, Clouds, Shell.

What kind of pattern do you see here?

1 2

1

2

3

Column

Row

Valence electrons

• Valence electrons: electrons in the outer most or last electron shell (OCS). The group number (ones place) equals valence electrons.

• Valence electrons determine an elements chemical properties, including reactivity. Involved in bonding

Valence ElectronsWhat is the red arrow showing?

Electron on 1st inner shell

Electron on 2nd shell Electron on 3rd

outer shell

NUCLEUS

VictorValence goes to the edge

Valence Electron(s) & Shells

How many orbits and Valence electrons do you see here?

Electron Configuration• Electrons occupy different energy levels (shell)

around the nucleus of the atom. • Each energy level can hold a specific number

of electrons. The first Shell/ level holds 2The second shell / level holds 8The third shell / level holds 18

Battleship PERIODS AND GROUPS!

What element is at Group 9 Period 5? Rhodium(Rh)

What element is at Group 12 Period 6?Mercury (Hg)

Groups and Victor Valence

What element is at Group 2 Period 2? Beryllium (Be)

SO …..How many electrons DARED to go to the EDGE? Hmmmmm

Start COUNTING!Group ? Period ?

Any Questions