The Øresund BridgeBY BRIJ SHAH &

HARIYALI PUJARA

INTRODUCTION

This Amazing Bridge Turns Into a Tunnel and Connects Denmark and Sweden

A part of the Bridge is above water and it runs nearly 8 km.

The remaining part of the Bridge is a tunnel of 4 km

INTRODUCTION

It is the longest double-track railway and dualcarriageway combined bridge-tunnel in Europe.

The support towers of 204 metres into the air makesthe bridge one of the tallest cement structures(theheight is the equivalent of the 60-story building)

The Oresund Bridge is 1019 meters of road and rail dangle from 160cables and 60 meters above the sea.

The Øresund was designed by the Danish engineering firm COWI

The main architect was George K.S. Rotne.

The cost of project was 3 billion USD and It was completed six months ahead of schedule as well as on budget.

Construction duration: 1995 – 1999

Facts

Where THE ORESUND BRIDGE is Located?

In Northern Europe the Baltic Sea converges with the North Sea at

the oresund straight a 16 kilometres wide stretch of water that separates

Denmark and Sweden.

The 16.4 km long Øresund Bridge consists of a bridge, an artificial island and a tunnel, which connect the Danish capital Copenhagen

with Malmö in Sweden across the Øresund strait.

Regional Issues

Diversity

Immigration policies

Taxation and administrative policies

Language barriers

Why such combined structure of

BRIDGE,TUNNEL & AN ARTIFICIAL ISLAND?

It was challenging task to construct a 16

kilometers long bridge on water with notoriously lousy weather, environmental sensitive areaand dangerous setback

Environmental sensitive area

The Baltic Sea is the world's largest body of brackish waterwith a unique marine ecosystem, which is dependent on the flow of saline and oxygenated water from the North Sea.

Dangerous setback

The shoreline on the Danish side with the Copenhagen international airport,Kastrup by the building a bridge with Hightower's would have

obstructed air traffic and could lead to a tragedy.

Dangerous setback

While building a low bridge would have been safer for air traffic but then it would have blocked Denmark ships.

How to overcome ?

All these situations can be solve by building a 16 kilometres long under water tunnel between Sweden and Denmark

What was problem?

It was too expensive.

Solution

To built an under water tunnel close to the airport and bridge on other side which would be cheaper solution

Means……..

a tunnel turn into a bridge in the middle of the open sea which requires island with the tunnel could emerge from the water.There were no island existed so engineers decided to build one.

Three main segments of The Oresund Link

On the Denmark side, the link begins with a 3,510-meter (2.2-mile) underwater tunnel.

The tunnel emerges from the water into a roadway on a 4,055-meter (2.5-mile) artificial island, Peberholm, which appears as a bright white shape to the south of the natural island in the scene.

The cable-supported Oresund Bridge stretches 7,845 meters (4.9 miles) across the eastern part of the Strait toward Sweden, making a thin white line across the image.

Design Of BRIDGE

They held a design competition to meet the best possible design for the bridge of 60

meters about the water and the center span

more than 450 meters long.

1st design: An Arch Bridge

Problem: the clearance for largeships decreases at the ends

2nd design: A Suspension Bridge

Problem: suspension bridgesbecomes very flexible by theconnecting cables to more cables.

Design Of BRIDGE

Finally engineers came up with acable-stayed bridge

It’s structure is rigid enough for heavytrain traffic because the supportcables attached directly to the fixedtowers.

A cable-stayed bridges were cheaper

to build and not having the two

enormous main cables which saves

tons of steel.

Construction of Island

Construction of bridge

Most of the bridge structures – the bridge piers and bridge spans –were built on land and subsequently towed out to the bridge alignment by a large floating crane.

The pylons were cast in situ.

Bridge durability

The Øresund Bridge is designed to have an operational lifespan of 100 years.

The truss girders and all exposed steel have been protected from corrosionwith the maximum coat thickness possible.

The design was modified to promote water runoff and to reduce water retention on the structure.

An artificial ISLAND

August 1995,17: the first of billions of rockswas placed in the middle of the straight

Deadline: 14 months

large quarried stone were brought from Sweden 1.8 billion kilograms of them to stay on schedule

Material was constantly being brought here with 16 barges delivering 18 million kilograms a day

Each load was carefully placed using GPS to create a perimeter 12 kilometres long then it had to be filled

Immersed TunnelThe tunnel comprises five parallel

tunnel tubes – two for the railway, two for the motorway plus a small tunnel as an escape gallery

The 4 km immersed tunnel was built by concrete elements cast on landand subsequently towed out and lowered into a trench dredged in the Øresund sea bed.

The tunnel consists of 20 concrete sections that were lowered into a pre-dredged trench on the seabed at a maximum depth of 21 m.

Each tunnel element is 176 metres

long, 49 metres wide,approximately 9 metres high andweighs around 57,000 ton.

The towing of the elementsdemanded great skill and

precision.

in the construction phase a radar

station was established to monitorshipping and guide vesselsthe work areas thus avoiding anymajor accidents.

Immersed Tunnel

Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Crown Princess

Victoria of Sweden met midway across the bridge-tunnel on 14 August 1999 to celebrate its completion

Main contractors on the Øresund Bridge

Dredging and Reclamation

Öresund Marine Joint Venture:

Per Aarselff (DK)

Ballast Nedam Dredging (NL)

Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Co. (USA)

The Railway

Banverket Industridivisionen (SE)

Main contractors on the Øresund Bridge

The Tunnel

Øresund Tunnel Contractors:

NCC International (SE)

Dumez-GTM International (F)

John Laing (UK)

E. Pihl & Søn (DK)

Boskalis Westminster Dredging (NL)

Main contractors on the Øresund Bridge

The Bridge

Sundlink Contractors:

Skanska (SE)

Højgaard & Schultz (DK)

Monberg & Thorsen (DK)

Hochtief (D)

Results

Has increased employment throughout the region

1.83 million people are working in region, with over 18000 commuters not included in this number

around 35 million people travel this route every year

Reduced air pollution by 50% as it replaced ferry transport

increased circular mobility; helped to reduce the shortage of labor in Denmark and has boosted the property market in Sweden

What can be learned?

Oresund bridge is a prime example of how building infrastructure to increase connectivity between two cities is highly beneficial if adopted by other cities can help to form mega regions

THANK YOU !