The New Progress TrackerFor each section of the module you will be given a progress tracker booklet. This is designed to enable you to sign of when a section of the specification is complete or has been reviewed and to allow communication between you and your teachers about the best way to help you to progress.

F332 – Chemistry of Natural Resources

•This module is made up for three main topics▫Elements from the Sea▫The Atmosphere▫Polymer Revolution

•This is the biggest module this year, worth 50% of your AS level, therefore 25% of the full A-level

Dot-Cross DiagramsAnd Introducing Dative Bonding

ObjectivesBe able to...•Draw simple dot-cross diagrams for ionic

and covalent compounds•Describe and draw dative covalent bonds•Link the types of bonding to physical

properties of chemicals

Specification...Where this comes from...

Types of bonding an ionic bond

occurs between a metal and non-metal atom (e.g. NaCl)

a covalent bond occurs between two non-metal atoms (e.g. I2, CH4)

a metallic bond occurs between atoms in a metal (e.g. Cu)

There are three types of bond that can occur between atoms:

Representing ionic bonding

Covalent bonding

Task•Draw dot-cross diagrams for:

1. Lithium fluoride2. Calcium chloride3. Water4. Ethene5. Phosphorus pentachloride (beware this

does not obey the octet rule)

Lithium Fluoride

Calcium chloride

Water

Ethene

Phosphorus Pentachloride

Co-ordinate bonding

Examples of co-ordinate bonds

Task•Explain what a dative covalent bond is

and how it is formed. Give examples of molecular ions containing dative covalent bonds.

•Draw dot-cross diagrams for:▫Hydroxonium ion▫Ammonium chloride

Hydroxonium Ion

Ammonium Chloride

Bonding and Properties•How do the properties of chemicals differ

within different types of bonding?•Consider:

▫Melting and Boiling Points▫Solubility▫Thermal and electrical conductivity▫Hardness▫Any others you can think of...

•Discuss.

Bonding and PropertiesProperty Ionic Simple

MolecularGiant

CovalentMelting and

Boiling Points

Solubility

Thermal and electrical

conductivity

Hardness

Other points