2

World oil reserves U.S. owns 2-3% U.S. uses 25%

The Importance of Energy Independence

3

Rising petroleum prices Volatility of petroleum market Emissions and air quality

Environment Health

Energy Independence

4

About the U.S. DOE Clean CitiesProgram

Advance U.S. Economic security Environmental security Energy security

Support local petroleum reduction U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency

and Renewable Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Program

90 volunteer coalitions

5

Promotion of Advanced technology vehicles Fuel blends Fuel economy Hybrid vehicles Idle reduction

Coalition activities Stimulate local economies Facilitate adoption of new

transportation technologies Make communities cleaner, healthier

places to live

6

Figure 1: Clean Cities coalition locations. Source: DOE.

7

National Alternative Fuels TrainingConsortium (NAFTC)

Programs to reduce dependence on oil Only nationwide alternative fuel and

advanced technology vehicle training organization in U.S.

Provides training infrastructure Increase nation’s energy security, lessen

dependence on petroleum, improve air quality

Network of National Training Centers (NTCs) Clean Cities Learning Program

(CCLP)

8

Reducing Petroleum Consumption Petroleum = most consumed energy

source in U.S. About half of petroleum used is

imported U.S. spends

$5.7 billion per week on petroleum imports

$297 billion per year on petroleum imports

9

Figure 2: Primary energy consumption by major source, 1949, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

10

Figure 3: End-use shares of total energy consumption, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

11

Figure 4: Primary energy consumption by source and sector, 2010. Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

12

Reducing Emissions Air quality/human health Increased “green” job opportunities Economic growth possibilities

13

Figure 5: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4th Assessment.

14

Figure 6: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004. Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4th Assessment.

15

Figure 7: Major regulated tailpipe emissions. Source: NAFTC.

16

Federal Requirements CAFE

Seeks to raise fuel economy standards Started during 1973 Oil Embargo

Energy Policy Act of 1992 Reduce U.S. dependence on foreign

petroleum Improve air quality Use of alternative fuel and advanced

technology vehicles DOE Clean Cities Program Federal, state agencies

The Need for Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles

17

Figure 8: CAFE fuel economy standards for passenger cars. Source: NHTSA.

18

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 definesalternative fuels as,

“…methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols; blends of 85% or more alcohol with gasoline (E85); natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; electricity; biodiesel (B100); coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels other than alcohol, derived from biological materials; P-Series fuels (added to the definition in 1999).”

19

Energy Policy Act of 1992 was amended by The Energy Conservation Reauthorization

Act of 1998 The Energy Policy Act of 2005 The Energy Independence and Security

Act of 2007 The National Defense Authorization Act of

2008 Executive Orders 13149, 13423, and

13514 Added provisions for new technologies Added requirements for federal fleets

20

State and Local Requirements State requirements for fleets Differing local regulations Regulations depend upon state,

county, municipality, city

21

Consumer Acceptance Vehicle support groups:

Current and prospective users Vehicle and component manufacturers Fuels industry representatives Government officials Automotive service technicians

Groups must be informed Education, outreach, training

22

Reduced petroleum consumption Commonality of vehicles Familiarity with fuels and

technologies

Figure 9: Toyota Prius, the first modern hybrid electric vehicle commonly found on today’s roadways. Source: Toyota.

Did You Know?

23

The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that, in the near future, alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles will comprise more than 20% of the light-duty vehicles in the United States.

24

Consumer Demand Factors peaking consumer interest:

Higher conventional fuel costs More vehicle options Improved technology and reliability Increased concern for the environment

Combination of technologies New vehicle applications

25

Increase in AFVs on the road By 2015, HEVs = 7% of U.S. vehicle

market OEM alternative fuel applications Alternative fuel conversions Adaptations to changing market

demands

26

Figure 10: Alternative fuel vehicles in use (1995-2009). Source: AFDC.

Note: The graph does not include concept or demonstration vehicles.

27

Rising fuel prices create demand, wider availability

Lower EPA emissions regulations, increased CAFE standards

Consumers must accept new technologies

Benefits to health, environment, economy, energy security

Summary