The future of science berkeley 12 5 12

www.yamanascience.orgwww.yamanascience.orgYámana Science and Technology

A Third Space Event

Host: Integrative Biology Women in Science

December 5, 2012

University of California, Berkeley

THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE

YOUR FUTURE IN SCIENCE

Jack BulatKennan Kellaris Salinero

Yámana Science and Technology

University of California, Berkeley

An Interactive Dialog with

Take-Aways

• We are in a time of structural change in science – mostly expressed as stress and pain points

• Where are we headed?• We invite you to

– take this on personally – stay attentive, stay connected, ‘own it’

– take this on with friends – build communities

Individual Factors of Success

1. Proactive agent of change2. Empathetic (friendly,

approachable, and collaborative)3. Simultaneous short-term and long-

term perspective4. Self-aware5. Positive6. Resilient

from “Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success” thesis, Jeanine K. Olund, 2012

Science – End of an Era?

Lifting the Veil: The Feminine Face of Science

Beginning of this Era: WWII

By 1998: “The 50 years since the end of World War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life sciences.”

from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)

‘Science the Endless Frontier’ A Report to President Roosevelt, July 1945 by Vannevar Bush*

Purpose of the Structure

“Publicly and privately supported colleges and universities and the endowed research institutes must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and the trained research workers.”

Combined graduate education and basic research

Is this frontier really ‘endless?’

• “Can an effective program be proposed for discovering and developing scientific talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientific research in this country may be assured on a level comparable to what has been done during the war?” from Science the Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush (1946)

• Fifty years later: “The 50 years since the end of World War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life sciences.“ from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)

…no….it seems not

The world is producing more PhDs than ever before. Is it time to stop?

Nature 472: 276-279 (2011)

David Cyranoski , Natasha Gilbert , Heidi Ledford , Anjali Nayar & Mohammed Yahia

One current outcome showed up ‘Loud and Proud’ in recent years

Delivered at the National Academies Summit on the U.S. Science and EngineeringWorkforce

November 12, 2002.

Trends in % of faculty positions taken by PhD graduates

#Biol PhDs toFacutly

Physics Chemistry Engineering

* from Paula Stephan’s “The Economics of Science”

Complexity: Doubling of Budget, Fewer Grants Downstream

• The NIH budget doubled between 1998 and 2003, flooding NIH with billions more dollars over a relatively brief time

• YET the percentage of research proposals funded by NIH dropped from 32% in 2001 to 18% in 2011

Science 20 April 2007:Vol. 316 no. 5823 pp. 356-361 andScienceInsider January 2012

NIH grant funding rateshttp://report.nih.gov/index.aspx

Universities and Research Institutes air their concerns; March 2008

“No one is concentrating juston research anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs now.” Anne Giersch

http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf

From Broken Pipeline Manifesto

“No one is concentrating just on research anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs now.”

Anne Giersch, assistant professor, Harvard

“What a strange business this is: We stay inschool forever. We have to battle the systemwith only a one in eight or one in ten chanceof getting funded. We give up making a livinguntil our forties. And we do it because wewant to help the world. What kind of crazyperson would go for that?”

Nancy Andrews, M.D., Ph.D.Dean, Duke University Medical School

And more…

NIH Director

Francis Collins: “it is time for NIH to develop better models to guide decisions about the optimum size and nature of the U.S. workforce for biomedical research.”

Other Countries, Other Trends

In China they are beginning to do two things:

1. University students are going directly into one of their premiere Genomics Research institutes*

2. Young PhDs are being hired directly into faculty and leadership positions

* Nature 464: 7 (2010): Do Scientists Really Need a PhD?

What’s in it for You?

GRANTS?STATUS?

Publications?

Contribution?

Family?

Curing Diseases?

Clean Energy?

Saving the World?

Life-style?

‘Being Smart?’

Helping others?

The other Universe of Science…

Hue and Cry for more STEM (science, technology,

engineering, and math) capable workers in the

workforce

A growing need for STEM education….

“16 of the 20 occupations with the largest projected growth in the next decade are STEM related, but only 4 of them require an advanced degree.”

December 2012

Dear Members of Congress:The United States is in the midst of a national talent crisis that will have significant and long-term economic consequences if we do not improve our education pipeline for students trained in science, technology (including computer science), engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.

http://www.stemedcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Letter-Major-NGOs-Urge-Congress-to-Address-National-Talent-Crisis-12-3-12.pdf

Signatories includes ASBMB

K-12 STEM…and on to college: communication gap

“What postsecondary instructors expect entering college students to know is far more targeted and specific than what high school teachers view as important.”

Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science

and Engineering Pipeline *October 2009

presented at:Association for Public PolicyAnalysis and ManagementWashington, D.C.November 7, 2009

Study of labor statistics, high school test scores since 1972

by B. Lindsay Lowell

Hal Salzman

Hamutal Bernstein

Everett Henderson

On being a scientist

a survey that Paula Stephan and two others gave to ask priority of what scientists do science for – intellectual challenge and independence uniformly score highest

…..and……yet……

“How Economics Shapes Science”

…..and……yet……

PhDs forego 30% of earning potential vs MBA students

One Solution to the Two Universes:

Turn PhD recipients into teachers!

“This raises serious efficiency concerns to economists…surely there is a more efficient way to increase the supply than by transforming people who have invested seven years of training in graduate school and another three to four as postdocs into teachers.”

to which Paula Stephan (an economist) says….

Fresh water supply

Remember the ‘WHY’

Rise in autism, diabetes, heart disease

Energy

Health

Fish populations crashing

Opportunity

Wicked Problems

Cool Things!

Intellectual Curiosity

Postulate: The biggest perk of graduate school in science is getting paid to learn.

Is a Science Ph.D. a Waste of Time?Don’t feel too sorry for graduate students. It’s worth it.

By Daniel LamettiIn Slate Magazine, posted Friday, Aug. 31, 2012

Stress creates new outcomes

One Brain Many Brains

Complex problems require more input and discovery than one ‘brain’ can hold

For many brains to work together effectively we require transfer of knowledge without getting flummoxed by personal perceptions

The simple term for this is communication but don’t get fooled by the familiarity of this term – it’s tougher than you think

Rise in Team-Driven Leadership

• Trust as a necessary basis for team-work

• Development of self

• Development of the Group

• Supporting the success of all

Where the Heck are we going to learn about collaboration?

What’s Happening in Universities?

“Collaboration can be one of the most difficult and challenging human endeavors. Part of this difficulty is related to Western philosophies and values (to speak in the most generic terms) that celebrate the individual and structure institutions to support individual activity”-from Kezar and Lester and references there-in

NSF: Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program

81 percent of IGERT PIs said the IGERT grant did not result in changes in criteria for faculty promotion, tenure, or merit awards at their university or other universities participating in their project.

from Chapter 5: Impact of IGERT Institutionshttp://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2006/nsf0617/nsf0617_7.pdf

• Trust as a necessary basis for team-work

• Development of self

• Development of the Group

• Supporting the success of all

What’s Needed?

from The Culture Game by Dan Mezick

What is a Leader? Who is a Leader?

“Some of us think of a hero who is a visionary who overcomes great obstacles to create a new world full of great results.”

“perhaps an autocrat: someone who imposes their will on the world (and those around them) to manifest results”

Dan Mezick defines a leader as:

Anyone who influences anyone else in a social setting, such as a team or organization

Patrick Lencioni: AVOID THE FOLLOWING

•Absence of trust —unwilling to be vulnerable•Fear of conflict —seeking artificial harmony over constructive passionate debate •Lack of commitment —feigning buy-in for group decisions, creating ambiguity •Avoidance of accountability —sets low standards •Individual success above results —focusing on personal success, status and ego before team success

from Patrick Lencioni (2002) The Five Dysfunctions of a Team

‘The Cloud’

Uri Alon and the need for both mentoring and

co-supporthttp://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/nur

turing/index.html

Working Together – Academia’s Version

Culture Matters

Commitment Model: HPStar Model: Intel

Changes in Industry – early indicators

• Beyond Competition - shared resourcesAmerican ‘Council on Competitiveness’

• Labor, CEOs, University Leaders

What’s happening in other industries?

• Beyond shared resources– Derek Neighbors, Gangplank, Chandler Arizona (relationships

with Arizona State University)

What’s Happening in Silicon Valley?

from http://www.executivebrief.com/agile/scrum-agile-teams-building-performance-development/

Rise in Interest in Communication

• Alan Alda’s Center for Communicating Science

– http://www.centerforcommunicatingscience.org/

• EMBO’s Laboratory Management training workshops

– http://www.embo.org/programmes/courses-workshops/lab-management-courses.html

• Improv workshops – various

• NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education (OITE)

Communication as a Two-Way Street

Rise in Interest from the Public

• Bay Area Science Festivals Dates: the last week in October, 2011 and 2012

http://www.bayareascience.org/

• IPSEC – International Public Science Events Conference

• Enormous rise in numbers of science cafés, science festivals world-wide

What else is happening in other countries?

• Beyond dialog- James Wilsdon & Rebecca Willis, Demos

‘See Through Science’http://www.nanoandsociety.com/framing/papers/SeeThroughScience.pdf

United Kingdom, con’d…-Sir Roland Jackson, chair, ‘Science for All’

• The vision of ‘science for all:’

http://www.britishscienceassociation.org/NR/rdonlyres/D6B1ACFC-2F42-4F07-A5D1-938E1D83F3ED/0/ScienceforAllFinalReport.pdf

Rise in Interest in Policy

• AAAS Science Policy fellows

•California Science Policy fellow program

•Begun in 2009

Photo source: http://www.ccst.us/news/2010/20100104fellows.php

Photo source: http://med.stanford.edu/careercenter/highlights/files/AAASppt.2.13.07.pdf

•Initiated by the fellows

•Begun in 1972

Scientists and Policy…Interactions with the Public

1. Pure Scientist

Focuses on research with absolutely no consideration of its use or utility

2. Issues Advocate

Focuses on the implications of research for a particular political agenda

3. Science Arbiter

Recognizes that decision makers may have specific questions needing judgment of experts

4. Honest Broker

Engages in decision-making by clarifying, and, at times, seeking to expand the scope of choice available

Common confusion: value-judgment vs information-judgment

Individual Factors of Success

1. Proactive agent of change2. Empathetic (friendly,

approachable, and collaborative)3. Simultaneous short-term and long-

term perspective4. Self-aware5. Positive6. Resilient

from “Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success” Jeanine K. Olund thesis, 2012

• Pay attention to intention– In interactions – for them, for you

• Pay attention to your advisor’s needs (be curious)

• Start to loosen your grip on ‘the truth’ when it comes to human interactions

• Courage, grounding

• RELATIONSHIPS

What can you do right now?

The future of science berkeley 12 5 12

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