The future of science berkeley 12 5 12
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Transcript of The future of science berkeley 12 5 12
www.yamanascience.orgwww.yamanascience.orgYámana Science and Technology
A Third Space Event
Host: Integrative Biology Women in Science
December 5, 2012
University of California, Berkeley
THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE
YOUR FUTURE IN SCIENCE
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Jack BulatKennan Kellaris Salinero
Yámana Science and Technology
University of California, Berkeley
An Interactive Dialog with
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Take-Aways
• We are in a time of structural change in science – mostly expressed as stress and pain points
• Where are we headed?• We invite you to
– take this on personally – stay attentive, stay connected, ‘own it’
– take this on with friends – build communities
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Individual Factors of Success
1. Proactive agent of change2. Empathetic (friendly,
approachable, and collaborative)3. Simultaneous short-term and long-
term perspective4. Self-aware5. Positive6. Resilient
from “Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success” thesis, Jeanine K. Olund, 2012
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Science – End of an Era?
Lifting the Veil: The Feminine Face of Science
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Beginning of this Era: WWII
By 1998: “The 50 years since the end of World War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life sciences.”
from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)
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‘Science the Endless Frontier’ A Report to President Roosevelt, July 1945 by Vannevar Bush*
Purpose of the Structure
“Publicly and privately supported colleges and universities and the endowed research institutes must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and the trained research workers.”
Combined graduate education and basic research
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Is this frontier really ‘endless?’
• “Can an effective program be proposed for discovering and developing scientific talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientific research in this country may be assured on a level comparable to what has been done during the war?” from Science the Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush (1946)
• Fifty years later: “The 50 years since the end of World War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life sciences.“ from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)
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…no….it seems not
The world is producing more PhDs than ever before. Is it time to stop?
Nature 472: 276-279 (2011)
David Cyranoski , Natasha Gilbert , Heidi Ledford , Anjali Nayar & Mohammed Yahia
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One current outcome showed up ‘Loud and Proud’ in recent years
Delivered at the National Academies Summit on the U.S. Science and EngineeringWorkforce
November 12, 2002.
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Trends in % of faculty positions taken by PhD graduates
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
#Biol PhDs toFacutly
Physics Chemistry Engineering
1965
1980s
2006
* from Paula Stephan’s “The Economics of Science”
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Complexity: Doubling of Budget, Fewer Grants Downstream
• The NIH budget doubled between 1998 and 2003, flooding NIH with billions more dollars over a relatively brief time
• YET the percentage of research proposals funded by NIH dropped from 32% in 2001 to 18% in 2011
Science 20 April 2007:Vol. 316 no. 5823 pp. 356-361 andScienceInsider January 2012
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NIH grant funding rateshttp://report.nih.gov/index.aspx
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Universities and Research Institutes air their concerns; March 2008
“No one is concentrating juston research anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs now.” Anne Giersch
http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf
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From Broken Pipeline Manifesto
“No one is concentrating just on research anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs now.”
Anne Giersch, assistant professor, Harvard
http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf
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“What a strange business this is: We stay inschool forever. We have to battle the systemwith only a one in eight or one in ten chanceof getting funded. We give up making a livinguntil our forties. And we do it because wewant to help the world. What kind of crazyperson would go for that?”
Nancy Andrews, M.D., Ph.D.Dean, Duke University Medical School
And more…
http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf
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NIH Director
Francis Collins: “it is time for NIH to develop better models to guide decisions about the optimum size and nature of the U.S. workforce for biomedical research.”
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Other Countries, Other Trends
In China they are beginning to do two things:
1. University students are going directly into one of their premiere Genomics Research institutes*
2. Young PhDs are being hired directly into faculty and leadership positions
* Nature 464: 7 (2010): Do Scientists Really Need a PhD?
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What’s in it for You?
GRANTS?STATUS?
Publications?
Contribution?
Family?
Curing Diseases?
Clean Energy?
Saving the World?
Life-style?
‘Being Smart?’
Helping others?
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The other Universe of Science…
Hue and Cry for more STEM (science, technology,
engineering, and math) capable workers in the
workforce
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A growing need for STEM education….
“16 of the 20 occupations with the largest projected growth in the next decade are STEM related, but only 4 of them require an advanced degree.”
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December 2012
Dear Members of Congress:The United States is in the midst of a national talent crisis that will have significant and long-term economic consequences if we do not improve our education pipeline for students trained in science, technology (including computer science), engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.
http://www.stemedcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Letter-Major-NGOs-Urge-Congress-to-Address-National-Talent-Crisis-12-3-12.pdf
Signatories includes ASBMB
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K-12 STEM…and on to college: communication gap
“What postsecondary instructors expect entering college students to know is far more targeted and specific than what high school teachers view as important.”
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Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science
and Engineering Pipeline *October 2009
presented at:Association for Public PolicyAnalysis and ManagementWashington, D.C.November 7, 2009
Study of labor statistics, high school test scores since 1972
by B. Lindsay Lowell
Hal Salzman
Hamutal Bernstein
Everett Henderson
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On being a scientist
a survey that Paula Stephan and two others gave to ask priority of what scientists do science for – intellectual challenge and independence uniformly score highest
…..and……yet……
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“How Economics Shapes Science”
…..and……yet……
PhDs forego 30% of earning potential vs MBA students
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One Solution to the Two Universes:
Turn PhD recipients into teachers!
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“This raises serious efficiency concerns to economists…surely there is a more efficient way to increase the supply than by transforming people who have invested seven years of training in graduate school and another three to four as postdocs into teachers.”
to which Paula Stephan (an economist) says….
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Fresh water supply
Remember the ‘WHY’
Rise in autism, diabetes, heart disease
Energy
Health
Fish populations crashing
Opportunity
Wicked Problems
Cool Things!
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Intellectual Curiosity
Postulate: The biggest perk of graduate school in science is getting paid to learn.
Is a Science Ph.D. a Waste of Time?Don’t feel too sorry for graduate students. It’s worth it.
By Daniel LamettiIn Slate Magazine, posted Friday, Aug. 31, 2012
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Stress creates new outcomes
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One Brain Many Brains
Complex problems require more input and discovery than one ‘brain’ can hold
For many brains to work together effectively we require transfer of knowledge without getting flummoxed by personal perceptions
The simple term for this is communication but don’t get fooled by the familiarity of this term – it’s tougher than you think
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Rise in Team-Driven Leadership
• Trust as a necessary basis for team-work
• Development of self
• Development of the Group
• Supporting the success of all
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Where the Heck are we going to learn about collaboration?
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What’s Happening in Universities?
“Collaboration can be one of the most difficult and challenging human endeavors. Part of this difficulty is related to Western philosophies and values (to speak in the most generic terms) that celebrate the individual and structure institutions to support individual activity”-from Kezar and Lester and references there-in
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NSF: Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program
81 percent of IGERT PIs said the IGERT grant did not result in changes in criteria for faculty promotion, tenure, or merit awards at their university or other universities participating in their project.
from Chapter 5: Impact of IGERT Institutionshttp://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2006/nsf0617/nsf0617_7.pdf
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• Trust as a necessary basis for team-work
• Development of self
• Development of the Group
• Supporting the success of all
What’s Needed?
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from The Culture Game by Dan Mezick
What is a Leader? Who is a Leader?
“Some of us think of a hero who is a visionary who overcomes great obstacles to create a new world full of great results.”
“perhaps an autocrat: someone who imposes their will on the world (and those around them) to manifest results”
OR
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Dan Mezick defines a leader as:
Anyone who influences anyone else in a social setting, such as a team or organization
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Patrick Lencioni: AVOID THE FOLLOWING
•Absence of trust —unwilling to be vulnerable•Fear of conflict —seeking artificial harmony over constructive passionate debate •Lack of commitment —feigning buy-in for group decisions, creating ambiguity •Avoidance of accountability —sets low standards •Individual success above results —focusing on personal success, status and ego before team success
from Patrick Lencioni (2002) The Five Dysfunctions of a Team
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‘The Cloud’
Uri Alon and the need for both mentoring and
co-supporthttp://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/nur
turing/index.html
Working Together – Academia’s Version
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Culture Matters
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Commitment Model: HPStar Model: Intel
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Changes in Industry – early indicators
• Beyond Competition - shared resourcesAmerican ‘Council on Competitiveness’
• Labor, CEOs, University Leaders
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What’s happening in other industries?
• Beyond shared resources– Derek Neighbors, Gangplank, Chandler Arizona (relationships
with Arizona State University)
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What’s Happening in Silicon Valley?
from http://www.executivebrief.com/agile/scrum-agile-teams-building-performance-development/
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Rise in Interest in Communication
• Alan Alda’s Center for Communicating Science
– http://www.centerforcommunicatingscience.org/
• EMBO’s Laboratory Management training workshops
– http://www.embo.org/programmes/courses-workshops/lab-management-courses.html
• Improv workshops – various
• NIH Office of Intramural Training & Education (OITE)
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Communication as a Two-Way Street
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Rise in Interest from the Public
• Bay Area Science Festivals Dates: the last week in October, 2011 and 2012
http://www.bayareascience.org/
• IPSEC – International Public Science Events Conference
• Enormous rise in numbers of science cafés, science festivals world-wide
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What else is happening in other countries?
• Beyond dialog- James Wilsdon & Rebecca Willis, Demos
‘See Through Science’http://www.nanoandsociety.com/framing/papers/SeeThroughScience.pdf
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United Kingdom, con’d…-Sir Roland Jackson, chair, ‘Science for All’
• The vision of ‘science for all:’
http://www.britishscienceassociation.org/NR/rdonlyres/D6B1ACFC-2F42-4F07-A5D1-938E1D83F3ED/0/ScienceforAllFinalReport.pdf
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Rise in Interest in Policy
• AAAS Science Policy fellows
•California Science Policy fellow program
•Begun in 2009
Photo source: http://www.ccst.us/news/2010/20100104fellows.php
Photo source: http://med.stanford.edu/careercenter/highlights/files/AAASppt.2.13.07.pdf
•Initiated by the fellows
•Begun in 1972
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Scientists and Policy…Interactions with the Public
1. Pure Scientist
Focuses on research with absolutely no consideration of its use or utility
2. Issues Advocate
Focuses on the implications of research for a particular political agenda
3. Science Arbiter
Recognizes that decision makers may have specific questions needing judgment of experts
4. Honest Broker
Engages in decision-making by clarifying, and, at times, seeking to expand the scope of choice available
Common confusion: value-judgment vs information-judgment
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Individual Factors of Success
1. Proactive agent of change2. Empathetic (friendly,
approachable, and collaborative)3. Simultaneous short-term and long-
term perspective4. Self-aware5. Positive6. Resilient
from “Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success” Jeanine K. Olund thesis, 2012
www.yamanascience.orgwww.yamanascience.orgYámana Science and Technology
• Pay attention to intention– In interactions – for them, for you
• Pay attention to your advisor’s needs (be curious)
• Start to loosen your grip on ‘the truth’ when it comes to human interactions
• Courage, grounding
• RELATIONSHIPS
What can you do right now?