THE CONTRIBUTION OF POTATOES TO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

Pamela K. AndersonDirector General, International Potato Center

7 September 2010Potato Europe 2010

..to achieve food security, well-being and gender equity for poor people in root and tuber farming and food systems in the developing world.

We do this through research and innovation in science, technology and capacity strengthening.

CIP’S mission

1. Cali (Colombia)2. Quito (Ecuador)3. Lima (Peru)4. Huancayo (Peru)5. San Ramon (Peru)6. Cochabamba (Bolivia)7. Sao Carlos (Brazil)

8. Kumasi (Ghana)9. Cotonou (Benin)10. Huambo (Angola)11. Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)12. Nairobi (Kenya)13. Kabale (Uganda)14. Ruhengeri (Rwanda)15. Lilongwe (Malawi)16. Blantyre (Malawi)17. Chimoio (Manica Province, Mozambique)

18. Tashkent (Uzbekistan)19. New Delhi (India)20. Shillong (India)21. Kathmandu (Nepal)22. Dhaka (Bangladesh) 23. Bhubaneswar (India)24. Beijing (China)25. Hanoi (Vietnam)26. Lambang (Indonesia)27. Los Banos (Philippines)28. Manokwari (Papua Indonesia)29. Wamena (Papua Indonesia)30. Honar Honiara (Solomon Islands)

The spread of the potato around the

world from Peru

FOOD CONSUMPTION

511421

207116

103 66

0

100

200300

400

500

600R

ice

(Pad

dy

Whe

at

Pota

toes

Mai

ze

Cas

sava

Swee

tPo

tato

es

Millions

tonn

es

Potato production shift

Source: FAOSTAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

1962 1972 1982 1992 2002

year

kg/c

ap/y

ear

Central America

Africa South ofSahara

Low -IncomeCountries

Low -Income FoodDeficit

Regional trends in potato consumption

Source: FAOSTAT

POTATO CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION HAVE BEEN INCREASING ACROSS THE

DEVELOPING WORLD

GLOBAL TRENDS

Drivers of Growth in Potato Production

Potatoes are

Cheap and Nutritious

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Jan-

00

Jul-0

0

Jan-

01

Jul-0

1

Jan-

02

Jul-0

2

Jan-

03

Jul-0

3

Jan-

04

Jul-0

4

Jan-

05

Jul-0

5

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Inde

x Ja

n '0

0=10

0

Crude Petroleum

Wheat

Maize

Soybean Oil

Between 2000 and 2008 wheat, maize, and rice prices increased dramatically

Food riots a mass phenomenon when prices spike

Source: J. von Braun based on news reports. Price are data from FAO 2009

Price spike

Drivers of Growth in Potato Production

May 2008 – FAO study

Potato – the antidote to high food prices

While grain prices were sky-rocketing, potato prices around

the world were stable

(Per 100 g, after boiling in skin and peeling before consumption) Source: United States Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database

Nutritional Security –Nutrient Content of Potatoes

Drivers of Growth in Potato Production

Potatoes are

Multi-purpose

Income Generators

Drivers of Growth in Potato Production

Growth rates for the roots and tubers

(including potatoes)are by far out-performing

the major grain crops

Growth rates of yields for major cereals in developing countries are slowing

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003

Aver

age

annu

al gr

owth

rate

(%) maize

rice

wheat

Source: World Bank, 2007. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for development.

Yam 2.9%

Potato 2.7%

Cassava 1.9%

Sweetpotato 1.0%

GROWTH RATES OF

ROOTS & TUBERS (1993 – 2020)

Drivers of Growth in Potato Production

Potatoes are efficient

Potatoes produce more energy per unit land and time

than any other major staple crop

MJ/ ha / day

Potato 216

Yam 182

Maize 159

Sweetpotato 152

Rice 121

Cassava 121

Production of edible energy

Asia – Increasing

productivity

Food Security is a critical challenge in Asia

China

DPR Korea

Myanmar Lao PDR

Cambodia Vietnam

Indonesia

Philippines

PNGChinaAsian “tigers”Constrained economies

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Years

(Mill

ions

tons

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

(Mill

ions

has

)

ProductionArea

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Years

(Mill

ions

tons

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

(Mill

ions

has

)

ProductionArea

Source: www.faostat.org

China

India

Production and Area Growth:India and China

A half century of expansion

THE CHINA CHALLENGE –FOOD SECURITY

The Chinese population is expected to continue growing and stabilize at about 1.5 billion. They have targeted 95% food self-sufficiency, which means that over the next 2 decades food production will need to increase by 100,000,000 T/year, and that 50,000,000 T/year could come from potatoes alone

Index of production, area and yield in China

2006Production – 70 million MTArea – 4.9 million haYield – 14.4 t/ha Source: www.faostat.org

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

ProductionAreaYield

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Virus

Late blight

Clean seed

Bacterial wilt

National average(14.4 t/ha)

+ 6.0 tons

+ 5.1 tons

+ 2.8 tons+ 0.6 tons

Yield(t/ha)

Potato yield gap analysis (expert panel)

Source: a) Keith Fuglie. 2007. Research Priority Assessment for the CIP 2005-2015 Strategic Plan: Projecting Impacts on Poverty, Employment, Health and Environment.b) Yearbook of China Agricultural Statistics. 2005

Potato production and poverty in China

CIP-CHINA CENTER FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 4 February 2010

Sub-saharan Africa –

Increasing rural incomes

Tremendous growth over last decade in area planted to potato in

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)Major African Field Crops Area Growth

1994-2005 (source www.faostat.org)

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Years

Sweet potatoesPotatoesBeans, dryYamsWheatCassavaRice, paddyMaize

Scott et al. (2000) prediction 250% increase in SSA potato demand between 1993 & 2020 on target!

Most of the growth was in the ECA

Sub-region

Share of

areaASARECA 71%

SADC 21%

CORAF 8%

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Percent change in potato production in selected countries, 1994-2004

(3yrs average)

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

1

% change

Burkina Faso

Jamaica

Bahrain

Eritrea

Estonia

Turkmenistan

Azerbaijan, Republic of

Nigeria

Rwanda

Angola

Source: FAOSTAT

Ware Potatoes 80%

Seed Potatoes 10% Waste 10%

Ware Potatoes used as boiled vegetable 85%

Processing 15%

Chips 90% Crisps 10%

Utilization of potatoes in the ECA countries

A Masaai group in Kenya supply Steers and Njoro canning with processing potatoes about 8 tons/week

Receive > US $2000/acre/year

From barley they get about $US 200/year/acre

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Virus

Late blight

Clean seed

Bacterial wilt

World average

+ 6.0 tons

+ 5.1 tons

+ 2.8 tons+ 0.6 tons

Yield(t/ha)

Potato yield gap analysis

Source: a) Fuglie, 2007. Research Priority Assessment for the CIP 2005-2015 Strategic Plan: Projecting Impacts on Poverty, Employment, Health and Environment.

Demand for potato seed is great,but often unfulfilled

Availability of certified (formal) seed as a percentage of need

Kenya 1%Peru 2%China 20%Argentina 60%United Kingdom 66%Holland 99%

Aeroponics system yielded multiplication rates of up to 50:1 with CIP varieties

Benefits of Aeroponics

Increase in multiplication rate from 5:1 to 50:1Reduced field generations- less disease and less pressure

on land

No need to sterilize substrateBan on methyl bromideRising energy prices

1% of conventional water usageReduction in cost of pre-basic tuber production from

12 cents to 4 cents

1. Ethiopia

2. Kenya

3. Uganda

4. Rwanda

5. Malawi

6. Angola

7. Tanzania

Public – Private Seed Systems

Latin America –

Increasing nutrition

Age: 2 yr 9 mo

BW: 10.7 kg

Height: 78.3 cm

Age: 2 yr 6 mo

BW: 11.6 kg

Height: 86.4 cm

Girls from ANDAHUAYLAS(Photograph: Courtesy of UNICEF)

% of Children < 5 yr with Cronic Malnutrition

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Variability in the micronutrient concentration of the potato germplasm

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Previous reports

HarvestPlusCIP

Fe (mg / kg) 8 ! 26 12 ! 37

Zn (mg / kg) 8 !17 8 ! 31

Vitamin C (mg / 100 g)

42 ! 100 22 ! 140

Phenolic Compounds (mg / 100 g)

40 - 1108 115 ! 2401

Ranges of Fe in potatoes and projected advance by selection

0

10

20

30

40

50

Literature

Clones

Progenies

20052006

20072008

2009

mg

Fe/k

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Breeding Target

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Target countries for potential impact on nutrition from consumption of biofortified potato

1. Increase field productivity

2. Increase system productivity

3. Link small farmers to market

4. Develop public-private partnerships

5. Biofortification

6. Public awareness – benefits of potato for the global food security

Increasing Potato’s Contribution to Food Security – The Challenges