THE BIONIC EYE

CONTENTS:- WHAT IS BIONIC EYE ? BIOLOGY OF EYE BLINDNESS TECHNIQUES FOR BIONIC EYE MARC ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION

WHAT IS BIONIC EYE?

BIONIC EYE REFERS TO BIOELECTRONIC EYE.

THE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH REPLACES FUNCTIONALITY OF A PART OR WHOLE OF THE EYE.

BIOLOGY OF EYE

RETINA

BLINDNESS BLINDNESS MEANS LOSS OF VISION. A COMPLETELY BLIND INDIVISUAL UNABLE TO

SEE ANYTHING EVEN WITH THE USE OF EYE GLASSES , CONTACT LENSES , MEDICINE OR SURGERY.

8O% OF BLINDNESS OCCURS IN PEOPLE OVER 50 YEARS OLD.

COMMON CAUSES :- MACULAR DEGENERATION , TRAUMATIC INJURIES , GLAUCOMA etc.

LESS COMMON CAUSES :- VIT-A DEFICIENCY , RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA , RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY etc.

TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN BIONIC EYE :-

MIT – HARVARD DEVICE ASR(ARTIFICIAL SILICON

RETINA) MARC ARGUS II HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY

MIT-Harvard deviceEpi-Retinal ApproachMicroelectrode array replaces damaged photoreceptors Image Acquisition - Using CCD CameraPatient spectacle holds the camera and power source

Epiretinal Approach involves a semiconductor based device positioned on the surface of the retina to try to simulate the remaining overlying cells of the retina.

Subretinal Approach involves implanting the ASR chip behind the

retina to simulate the remaining viable cells.

ASR (ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)

ARGUS II The Argus II epiretinal

prosthesis system allowsletter and word reading and long-term functionin patients with profound vision loss.

Test I: letter identification Test II: letter size reduction Test III: word recognition

HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Computer-generated

holography, could be used in conjunction with a technique called optogenetics, which uses gene therapy to deliver light-sensitive proteins to damaged retinal nerve cells.

“The basic idea of optogenetics is to take a light-sensitive protein from another organism, typically from algae or bacteria, and insert it into a target cell, and that photosensitizes the cell,”

MARC(Multiple Unit Of Artificial Retinal Chipset System)

Photograph of MARC Chip

MARC Photoreceptor

MARC System Block Diagram

MARC TECHNIQUE LOOKS LIKE THIS >

Advantages Disadvantages

Compact Size – 6x6 mm

Diagnostic Capability

Reduction of stress upon retina

Costly

If a single part of the chip is damaged the total technique will be meaningless.

Conclusion Its been 40 years since Arne Larsson received the first fully

implanted cardiac pacemaker at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.

Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve people's lives with artificial, bionic devices.

Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace defective parts.

Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses.

Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to the brain's control system pose the two great challenges for biomedical engineering.

Scientist are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues, noses etc.

References:-www.ai.rug.ni/~lambert/projects/BCI/literature/misc/bio.pptwww.met.edu/institute/ICS/NCNHIT/papers/0.5.pdfwww.bionicsinstitute.org/publications/...../Factsheet_Bionic

eye.pdfwww.hansmalab.physics.ucsb.edu/phys150/Bionic_Eyes.pdf

THANKING YOU !!!

PRESENTED BY :-SHUBHASHREE GAYATRI

DASMSC(BIOTECHNOLOGY)1ST YEAR , 13MBT007RAVENSHAW UNIVERSITY,CUTTACK

SEMINAR TOPIC- THE BIONIC EYE

Dated-21st MARCH 2014