Post on 15-Jan-2016
The Antislavery MovementChapter 9:ii
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 258.]
Free and Enslaved Black Population
The abolitionist movement to end slavery grew in size and scope
during the early-1800s in spite of
intense opposition from southerners.
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 266.]
The abolitionist movement was firmly grounded in the religious faith of those who participated.
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 222.]
The debate over slavery increased existing tensions between the
North and the South.
[Image source: http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/gifs/usa1.GIF]
The Mennonites staged the earliest known antislavery protests.
[Image source: http://www.johnvolk.cncoffice.com/images/Linda/Full7.jpg]
“There is a saying, that we should do to all men like as we will be
done ourselves; making no difference of what generation,
descent, or colour they are. And those who steal or rob men, and those who buy or purchase them,
are they not all alike?” - Resolutions of Germantown Mennonites, 1688
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 270.]
By 1807, every state north of Maryland had passed laws
gradually abolishing slavery.
[Image source: http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/freeimages.asp?ImageID=351]
Newspapers published by
people such as Benjamin
Lundy called for the gradual emancipation of
all slaves.[Image source:
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASlundy.jpg]
[Image source: http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/images/lundycover.jpg]
The African Colonization Society sought to colonize the coast of Africa with freed black slaves.
[Image source: http://www.vts.edu/logue/annrpage/liberia.jpg]
Fearful of slave revolt, some plantation owners supported the efforts of the
African Colonization Society.
[Image source: http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/cph/3a30000/3a39000/3a39200/3a39248r.jpg]
Daniel Webster was one of the key supporters of the idea and a member of the African
Colonization Society.
[Images ource: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/jb_0726_liberia_2_m.jpg]
The present-day country of
Liberia was established in 1822 as a sanctuary for freed American
slaves.[Image source:
http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/08/25/liberia.journalists/map.liberia.monrovia.jpg]
William Lloyd Garrison of Boston was
probably the most famous of the radical abolitionists.
[Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/biggarris.jpg]
Garrison began
publishing the abolitionist newspaper
The Liberator in 1831.
[Image source: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/graphics/liberat.jpg]
“I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation . . . . I am in earnest - I will not equivocate - I will not excuse - I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD.”
- William Lloyd Garrison,
in the first issue of The Liberator, 1831.
With support from both white
and black abolitionists,
Garrison founded the
American Anti-Slavery Society
in 1833.[Image source:
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/anticon.jpg]
The American
Anti-Slavery Society had some 1,000
local chapters with roughly
150,000 members by
1835.
Frederick Douglass was the nation’s
most influential African-
American abolitionist during the
Antebellum Period.
[Image source: http://www.npg.si.edu/img2/brush/big/bi
gdoug.jpg]
His ability to articulate his
personal experiences with slavery
made Frederick Douglass a
much sought after speaker.
[Image source: http://www.nara.gov/nara/nn/nns/civil130.jpg]
Frederick Douglass
published an abolitionist paper called The North Star from
1847 to 1860.
“They who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.”
- Frederick Douglass
The diverse backgrounds of the abolitionists resulted in divisions within the antislavery movement:
1. Could women participate?2. Could white and black people
work together as abolitionists?3. What kind of tactics could be
employed?
Sarah and Angelina Grimkedevoted their
lives toending
slavery.
Ex-slaves such as Sojourner Truth were among the
most eloquent spokespersons
for the antislavery movement.[Image source: America - Pathways to
the Present, page 269.]
Harvard-educated Dr. Martin Delany, a co-founder of the North Star, was a frequent critic of
the participation of white abolitionists in the antislavery
movement. [Image source: http://www.wvhc.com/images/delany.jpg]
Abolitionist Arthur Tappan
disagreed with the
tactics used by William
Lloyd Garrison.
[Image source: http://www.whatsaiththescripture.com/Graphics.Voice/A.T.Pierson.sm.jpg]
Along with his brother
Lewis, Arthur Tappan
formed the short-lived
Liberty Party in 1840.
[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.
uk/USAStappanL.jpg]
The Tappan brothers were joined in their
efforts by James Birney,
a former slave-owner.
[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbirney.jpg]
The Liberty Party siphoned-off just enough votes from the Whig Party in the election of
1844 to give the presidency to
James K. Polk.[Image source:
http://www.jameskpolk.com/POLK2.GIF]
Probably the most famous “conductor”
on the Underground Railroad was
Harriet Tubman.
[Image source: http://fargo.itp.tsoa.nyu.edu/~nance/soulsista/tubman.jpg]
Harriet Tubman is believed to have led more than 300 slaves to their freedom in the North.
At one point slave-owners
offered a bounty of
$40,000 for the apprehension
of Harriet Tubman.
[Image source: http://www.tourauburnny.com/Art/Tu
bmanLg.jpg]
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 273.]
Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831 made southerners more
determined to defend slavery.
Presbyterian minister Elijah Parish Lovejoy was martyred when an angry
mob attacked his newspaper office in Alton, Illinois.
[Image source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA
Slovejoy.htm]
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 271.]
[Image source:
http://www.greatriverroad.com/Cities/Alton/altonImages/lilLovejoy084.jpg]
John Quincy Adams religiously
introduced legislation for
removing the gag rule prohibiting
the House of Representatives from discussing
antislavery petitions.
[Image source: http://www.si.edu/archives/thisday/j
anuary/johnqadams.jpg]
Free and Enslaved Black Population