Post on 18-Jan-2016
The Ancient RomansThe Ancient Romans
The Path of Roman Conquest
City-State RivalryCity-State Rivalry
• Rome became more powerful and began a rivalry (fighting) with _____________, a wealthy Phoenician city-state in northern Africa, for control of trade in the Mediterranean Sea.
Carthage
Phoenician Phoenician EnemiesEnemies
Rome fought three wars with Carthage called the ________________- from Punicus, the Roman word for Phoenician.
Punic Wars
First Punic WarFirst Punic WarDuring the First Punic War, (264 B.C.-241 B.C.), Rome gained control of ________. Rome sent a governor to oversee its first ____________, or self-governing region.
Sicily
province
Second Punic Second Punic WarWarIn the Second Punic War, (218 B.C.-
201 B.C.), the Carthaginian general Hannibal led soldiers and war elephants over the high, snow-covered Alps into the Italian Peninsula. He won many battles, but the Romans would not give up. They defeated Hannibal in 202 B.C. at the Battle of Zama.
Under Roman Under Roman ControlControl• The Romans forced conquered
peoples to pay ________ and many were taken as _________. Some Roman plebeians lost their jobs because the slaves replaced them as free labor.
plebeiansslaves
taxes
slaves
Results of the Punic WarResults of the Punic War
• _______________ arose between the Romans who were rich and those who were poor.
Conflicts
Struggle for Struggle for PowerPower
Leaders struggled for power which led to a series of _______________. For three years a dictator named _______ had control until 79B.C. Then leadership returned to the consuls.
civil warsSulla
Beyond the Italian PeninsulaBeyond the Italian Peninsula
A leader named _______ __________ was elected consul in 60 BC. He and his army were popular with the Roman citizens. Caesar showed he was a strong leader, and he was made ______________________
Julius Caesar
Dictator
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
As a dictator, (he ruled for 10 years), he changed the Senate so that it better represented the people. He created new jobs and gave citizenship to more people, including those from the provinces, and issued decrees that helped the poor.
A A ConspiracyConspiracySome senators worried that Caesar was planning to become a king. They plotted to kill Caesar. Caesar was killed by a small group of senators on March 15, 44 B.C., a day known as _____________________on the Roman calendar. His death led to a time of unrest in Rome.
Ides of March
After Julius CaesarAfter Julius Caesar
Marcus Antonius, a general in the Roman army, became Rome’s new leader. Then Octavian, a relative of Caesar, challenged his right to rule.
The TriumvirateThe Triumvirate
In 43 B.C., Octavian, Antony, and another general named Lepidus agreed to form a _________________________, or group of three rulers who share power. These three leaders struggled with on another for power, and civil wars broke out.
Antony and Antony and CleopatraCleopatraWhen Caesar had conquered
Egypt, he allowed Cleopatra to stay in power. Antony met with Egypt’s queen and formed an alliance against Octavian. In 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces defeated Antony and Cleopatra in a famous sea battle near Actium in Greece. Both Antony and ________________ died within a few days of their defeat. Octavian became the ruler of all Roman lands.
Cleopatra
The First EmperorThe First Emperor
In 27 B.C., the Roman Senate gave Octavian the title _____________, which means “respected one” or “holy one”.
Augustus
The End of the RepublicThe End of the Republic
Augustus was Rome’s first emperor, but he never used this title. Instead, he adopted the title princeps, meaning “first citizen”. The Roman Republic ended when Augustus’s rule began.