CHANGE strategies: BEHAVIOUR ANALYISDefine the target behaviour exactly

Chain Analyse the target behaviour

Come up with ideas about why the behaviour works, why it persists (formulate)

Positive ReinforcementAnything delivered contingent on a response

which increases the likelihood the response will occur again

Not necessarily an intended reward

May not be obvious or pleasant

Negative ReinforcementAnything delivered contingent on a response

which results in escape or avoidance of an aversive state and increases the likelihood the response will occur again

(e.g. Something which leads to avoidance of or escape from physical or emotional pain)

Punishment

Anything delivered contingent on a response that makes it less likely the response will happen again

Teaching techniquesShapingModellingFadingDiscriminative stimulus (signal)

Schedules of Reinforcement

ConstantIntermittent (fixed/variable)

Classical conditioningPaired associate learning

UCS CS

UCSUCR

UCS csUCR

csCR

Extinction

Repeated exposure to a conditioned stimulus without reinforcement (POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT NOT GIVEN/ESCAPE BLOCKED)

Produces extinction burst

BEHAVIOUR CHANGEINCREASEShapingModellingReinforcement (pos and neg)

DECREASEDesensitisationExposure

(REMOVE/PREVENT REINFORCEMENT)

PunishmentReinforcing not responding