SUCCESSFUL MODEL OF COOPERATION BETWEEN

GOVERNMENT, INTERNATIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS and CIVIL SOCIETY

SITUATION REPORT ON TRAFFICKING SITUATION REPORT ON TRAFFICKING IN BULGARIAIN BULGARIA

BelarussBelarussMoldovaMoldovaRussiaRussiaUkraineUkraine

BulgariaBulgaria : :country of transit forcountry of transit for

TRAFFICKING ROUTESTRAFFICKING ROUTES

Active Channels through and from Active Channels through and from BulgariaBulgaria

Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belaruss– Bulgaria – Greece, Turkey, Macedonia

Bulgaria – Macedonia - Greece, Albania, Italy, Spain

Bulgaria – Macedonia – Serbia, Hungary,Czech Republic, Poland

Bulgaria – Serbia – Austria, Germany, The Netherlands

Bulgaria – Serbia – Austria, Germany, Belgium

Georgia – Turkey – Bulgaria - Greece

Georgia – Turkey – Bulgaria – Macedonia - Greece

Increasing numbers of third country nationals are attracted by the Economic and social opportunities

available in EU

"Zero" immigration polices of the past 30 years in the

countries of EU versus

Growing shortages of labor at both skilled and unskilled levels in the countries of EU

Shrinking populations in the countries of EU0% to 30%

Illegal immigration, smuggling and trafficking are accompanying traits

Recognized need to balance the demand and supply side of the labor market in the context of the aging population

of Europe

Contemporary Geopolitical ContextContemporary Geopolitical Context

SHARP INCREASE IN IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND TRAFFICKING

IN MIGRANTS

VAST MARKET FOR IRREGULAR MIGRATION SERVICES EMERGES

GOOD GROUND CONDITIONS FOR CRIMINAL NETWORKS

In a globalizing economy in an integrating international environmentin an era of advanced technologies and communications when the mobility of population is high and ever growingwhen the world is turning more and more into a global village

To live and work abroad becomes more than ever a way of lifeIndeed at the turn of the millennium the world changes at a high speed

ANNUAL INCREASE OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS AS COMPARED TO 1.7% GLOBAL POPULATION INCREASE

FEMINIZATION OF THE MIGRATION FLOWS

search for: higher standard of livingbetter income

better job opportunities

Economic Reasons

personal aspirations: better professional developmenteducation

Disappointment with the process of reforms and pace of transition in SEE

political stability

economic security

employment opportunities

presence of friends and relatives

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF DESTINATION FOR POTENTIAL

MIGRANTS

• High skilled work force• Lack of adequate opportunities

• Aspirations for personal realization and success

• Desire to work abroad

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• Lack of experience in traveling abroad

• No familiarity with life in migration and related

risks as well as different lifestyles• Unrealistic expectations

ALL THIS LEADS TO PREDISPOSITION TOTRAFFICKING AND PERSONAL ABUSE

• No familiarity with national and international legislation and

support bodies for protection of migrants and human rights

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WAYS OF RECRUITMENT:WAYS OF RECRUITMENT:• hire of show performanceshire of show performances

• fashion-show model competitionsfashion-show model competitions

• false marriagefalse marriage

• kidnappingkidnapping

• false job offers in the hotel and false job offers in the hotel and restaurant businessrestaurant business

• false invitation for visits and tourismfalse invitation for visits and tourism

Vulnerability to Exploitation:

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• insecure environment in the country of destination;• in need of income to maintain themselves; • need to pay back debt incurred;• in need of protection and assistance

Consequences:

• confinement in sweat shops, factories, fishing boats;• forced involvement in organized criminal activity; • begging;• forced sex services;• other forms of forced labor / servitude / slavery

Migrants Controlled by Traffickers by:

• debt bondage;• retention of passports and travel documents; • security guards;• violence or threat of violence

IOM strategic IOM strategic approachapproach

andandcounter-trafficking counter-trafficking

measuresmeasuresnext

COUNTER TRAFFICKING

IOM AREA OF HIGHEST CONCERN

AND

IOM PRIORITY SERVICE AREA

IOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measuresIOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measures

Strengthened operational network and capacities

Expanded project portfolio maintaining substantial programs in most affected countries

Developed coherent regional and sub-regional strategies and integrated responses

Protection and security standards enhanced

Reintegration assistance incorporated as integral part of return

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IOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measuresIOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measures

Developed uniform Data Base System (data collection / comparison / analysis)

On-going applied research

Enhanced Technical Cooperation activities

Optimized operation by better and more cost-effective management of resources

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IOM Bulgaria Counter-Trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-Trafficking ActivitiesActivities

IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking activitiesactivities

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PREV

ENTI

ON

PRO

TECTIO

N

PROSECUTION

IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking activitiesactivities

RESEARCHRESEARCH

PREVENTIONPREVENTION

CAPACITY BUILDING: CAPACITY BUILDING: Governments/NGOs Governments/NGOs and Media/Partnership Networksand Media/Partnership Networks

DIRECT SUPPORT TO VICTIMSDIRECT SUPPORT TO VICTIMS

national public information campaigns national public information campaigns national educational modulenational educational module

• police programpolice program• civil societycivil society• IOM direct dialogue regime with studentsIOM direct dialogue regime with students• national essays competitionsnational essays competitions• special events/ meetings between institutions, pupils, special events/ meetings between institutions, pupils,

students/ IOMstudents/ IOM

public information consultancy centerspublic information consultancy centers prevention through artprevention through art

PREVENTION

seminars seminars

partnerships/ networkspartnerships/ networks

local interinstitutional councils local interinstitutional councils

training training CAPACITY BUILDING

Support for safe return Support for safe return

Safe accommodation Safe accommodation

Reintegration Reintegration SUPPORT TO VICTIMS

Assisted Victims of Trafficking Assisted Victims of Trafficking

ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ORIGIN BY YEAR

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Assisted Victims of Trafficking Assisted Victims of Trafficking

ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY YEAR

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ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ORIGIN BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND BY YEAR ORIGIN BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND BY YEAR

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Germany

2000 2001 2002 Total

Kosovo

Macedonia

0 17 7 24

10 6 6 22

4 9 4 17

Italy 1 1 11 13

France 0 3 5 8

Albania 2 2 0 4

Belgium 0 1 1 2

Holland 0 1 0 1

Montenegro 0 0 1 1

Slovenia 0 0 1 1

Cyprus 0 0 1 1

ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND YEAR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND YEAR

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Ukrainian

2000 2001 2002 Total

Moldavian

Russian

11 25 0 36

0 7 0 7

2 4 0 6

Georgian 1 3 1 5

Romanian 0 0 2 2

BULGARIAN AND FOREIGN VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING BULGARIAN AND FOREIGN VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING REFFERED TO IOM SOFIA BY: REFFERED TO IOM SOFIA BY:

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Law Enforcement Law Enforcement 68%68%

IOM offices IOM offices 24%24%

Foreign NGOsForeign NGOs 6% 6%

OthersOthers 2% 2%

VICTIMS’ PROFILES VICTIMS’ PROFILES

Age BreakdownYoungest: 13 years of ageOldest: 40 years of age

15 - 1715 - 17 18 - 2418 - 24 25 - 3025 - 30 over 30over 30

8 %

49 %

26 %

17 %

2002200259 %

29 %

12 %

20012001

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Marital StatusMarital Status

singlesingle marriedmarried divorceddivorced stable relationstable relation widowwidow n/an/a

73%73%

9%9%

6%6%

6%6%

3%3%

3%3%

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With ChildrenWith Children

yesyes nono n/an/a

82%82%

12%12%

6%6%

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Residence TypeResidence Type

ruralrural urbanurban n/an/a

88%88%

9%9%

3%3%

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Family CompositionFamily Composition

nuclearnuclear extendedextended n/an/a

70%70% 21%21%

9%9%

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Family RelationFamily Relation

goodgood difficultdifficult badbad normalnormal n/an/a

46%46%

27%27%

9%9%12%12%

6%6%

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Level of EducationLevel of Education

nonenone primaryprimary middlemiddle highhigh prof. schoolprof. school universityuniversity otherother n/an/a

28%28%

18%18%

6%6%

15%15%

6%6%

6%6%

9%9%

12%12%next

The Assistance ProcessThe Assistance Process

Main ComponentsMain Components IOM uniform interview as a basis for case analysis and

assistance planning

5 sections 5 sections aimed at :aimed at :

assessment of assessment of personal backgroundpersonal background

description of description of recruitment and recruitment and trafficking storytrafficking story

preliminary preliminary assessment of assessment of physical and medical physical and medical conditioncondition

5 sections 5 sections aimed at :aimed at :

assessment of assessment of personal backgroundpersonal background

description of description of recruitment and recruitment and trafficking storytrafficking story

preliminary preliminary assessment of assessment of physical and medical physical and medical conditioncondition

1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information

2. Working experience and 2. Working experience and travel abroadtravel abroad2. Working experience and 2. Working experience and travel abroadtravel abroad

3. Recruitment and 3. Recruitment and trafficking processtrafficking process3. Recruitment and 3. Recruitment and trafficking processtrafficking process

4. Living and working 4. Living and working conditions while traffickedconditions while trafficked 4. Living and working 4. Living and working conditions while traffickedconditions while trafficked

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The Assistance ProcessThe Assistance Process

Main ComponentsMain Components

Safe Transportation and EscortSafe Transportation and Escort

Medical Screening/ Psychological Medical Screening/ Psychological AssistanceAssistance

Shelter AccommodationShelter Accommodation

Reintegration Assistance :Reintegration Assistance :

• monthly allowancesmonthly allowances• job orientation/ job placementjob orientation/ job placement• qualification coursesqualification courses• social assistancesocial assistance• school insertion programsschool insertion programs• resettlementresettlement

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IOM Sofia-Types of Assistance ProgramsIOM Sofia-Types of Assistance Programs

Based on 2002 CaseloadBased on 2002 Caseload IOM SOFIA SHELTER

• CAPACITY: 15 CAPACITY: 15 bedsbeds• Living roomLiving room• Reception roomReception room• Medical cabinetMedical cabinet• KitchenKitchen• Service Service

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PARTNERSHIP – MAIN TOOL TO DELIVER COUNTER

TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS IN BULGARIA

IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS

Transportation Assistance/ EscortTransportation Assistance/ Escort

IOM/GOIOM/GO• Bulgarian PoliceBulgarian Police

Medical ScreeningMedical Screening

IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Bulgarian Family Planning AssociationBulgarian Family Planning Association• Medicine sans FrontieresMedicine sans Frontieres

Psychological CounselingPsychological Counseling

IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Nadya Center Nadya Center • SOS Families in Distress, VarnaSOS Families in Distress, Varna• Marya Center, Gorna OriahovitsaMarya Center, Gorna Oriahovitsa• Demetra Foundation, BurgassDemetra Foundation, Burgass

IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS

Specialized counseling for minorsSpecialized counseling for minors

IOM/GOsIOM/GOs• National Agency for Child ProtectionNational Agency for Child Protection• Central Committee for Child DelinquencyCentral Committee for Child Delinquency• Police Pedagogical UnitsPolice Pedagogical Units

IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• National Agency for Child ProtectionNational Agency for Child Protection• Central Committee for Child DelinquencyCentral Committee for Child Delinquency• Police Pedagogical UnitsPolice Pedagogical Units

Safe AccommodationSafe Accommodation

IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Nadya CenterNadya Center• Red CrossRed Cross

IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS

Reintegration AssistanceReintegration Assistance

IOM/GOsIOM/GOs• MLSPMLSP• Labor BureausLabor Bureaus• Police (in cases of resettlement)Police (in cases of resettlement)• Social Care ServicesSocial Care Services• Municipal AuthoritiesMunicipal Authorities

Capacity Building for Governments/ NGOs and MediaCapacity Building for Governments/ NGOs and Media

• trainingtraining• fora, round tables, regional dialoguefora, round tables, regional dialogue

IT IS OUR JOINT RESPONSIBILITY:

to make sure that perpetrators to make sure that perpetrators are brought to justiceare brought to justice

to form effective partnerships to form effective partnerships against organized crimeagainst organized crime

to raise awareness for to raise awareness for preventionprevention

to provide protection and to provide protection and support to victimssupport to victims

New Law on Combating Illegal New Law on Combating Illegal Trafficking in Bulgaria (approved by Trafficking in Bulgaria (approved by Parliament 7 May, 2003)Parliament 7 May, 2003)

Introduced Amendments to the Penal Introduced Amendments to the Penal CodeCode

30 Organized Crime groups 30 Organized Crime groups dismantled;dismantled;

56 court cases abroad56 court cases abroad 30 court cases in Bulgaria30 court cases in Bulgaria National Task Force EstablishedNational Task Force Established

PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS

LAW ENFORCEMENT

PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS

HUMANITARIAN

Between 2000 – 2002(May), IOM Between 2000 – 2002(May), IOM Sofia assisted a total of 254 women Sofia assisted a total of 254 women

victims of traffickingvictims of trafficking

Four Local Inter-institutional CouncilsFour Local Inter-institutional Councils Local Plans for Combating Trafficking Local Plans for Combating Trafficking

in progressin progress One Central ShelterOne Central Shelter Four local Safe housesFour local Safe houses Four Public information consultancy Four Public information consultancy

centerscenters Solid Inter-institutional partnerships Solid Inter-institutional partnerships

at central and at local levelat central and at local level

PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS

ESTABLISHED CAPACITIES

crucial tools to combat trafficking

PARTNERSHIPS

Pragmatic division of labor

Complementarities of efforts

Coordination of activities

Joined forces for a concerted action

Efficient use of resources

Improved efficiency in counter-traffickingfor the benefit of all

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Even BrokerEven Broker

Operational Service ProviderOperational Service Provider

Catalyst for Problem SolutionCatalyst for Problem Solution

Humanitarian PartnerHumanitarian Partner

ReliabilityReliability

ProfessionalismProfessionalism

International StandardInternational Standard

EfficiencyEfficiency

Managing migration for the benefit of all.

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PRESENTED BY:

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

Thank You Thank You