Post on 14-Dec-2015
Submission to the will of AllahSubmission to the will of Allah
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
The Prophetic TraditionThe Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610
622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death
The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God
114 suras (chapters)
Written in Arabic
The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
1. The Shahada: Declaration of Faith
2. The Salat: Mandatory Prayers
3. The Zakat: Almsgiving
4. The Sawm: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
5. The Hajj: The Pilgrimage to Mecca
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Up to four wives allowed at once
No alcohol or pork
No gambling
Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living
Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims and why is there animosity between these two sects of Islam?
Dispute over successionDispute over succession• When Muhammad died, he did not, at least in
public, name an heir….• So, Muhammad’s father-in-law took over and
held the new Muslim “empire” together as the first Caliph (or successor).
• Soon, by the time of the third Caliph a dispute began over who should rightfully become the Caliph, leader of Islam.
• Uthman, the third caliph was assassinated.– The Shia believe that the heir should be a family
member.– The Sunni believe that the heir should be selected by
the previous caliph.
The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice
No priesthood
Teaches equality among men
“Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“struggle”) against pagans and other non-believers
Internal and External
Expansion of IslamExpansion of Islam• Mecca and Medina and the rapid spread of Islam• Battle of Constantinople (the gateway to Europe) 717
– Greek Fire• Tours and the croissant 732 • Numidians (the civilization that caused problems for the
Carthaginians) = Moors
Many North Africans welcomed the Muslims because the tax they had to pay for their freedom was less than the tribute paid to Constantinople. However, many individuals (according to accounts) did resist and were slaughtered for their efforts.
Muslims in the World TodayMuslims in the World Today
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00
06. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000
7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000
8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000* Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the
world.